VI. Maxwells Equations (Part 2)-
Light, Electromagnetic Waves & Different Forms of Energy Medicine
Light, Electromagnetic Waves & Different Forms of Energy Medicine
In the last video we saw how Maxwell's equations naturally lead to electromagnetic waves which includes light.
This comes about because Maxwell's correction to Ampere's law says that a changing electric field induces a changing magnetic field whereby Faraday's law state that a changing magnetic field induces a changing electric field and the cycle continues on and on.
These oscillations are electromagnetic waves!
This comes about because Maxwell's correction to Ampere's law says that a changing electric field induces a changing magnetic field whereby Faraday's law state that a changing magnetic field induces a changing electric field and the cycle continues on and on.
These oscillations are electromagnetic waves!
Electromagnetic waves are called traverse waves because the electric and magnetic field oscillations act in directions perpendicular to the direction of motion.
So How fast are these electromagnetic waves moving?
Maxwell calculated that the speed of each wave is equal to the electric field's magnitude divided by the magnetic fields magnitude.
And this speed of light works out to be 3x 10^8 meters per second or 186,000 miles EVERY second.
We write it simply as small c, and it's the speed of every electromagnetic wave, ever, at least in a vacuum.
Note this is the speed of light in a vacuum or air even, but light does in fact slow down when it is passing through matter. For example, light slows down by a factor of 1.33 in water, 1.5 in glass and a factor of 2.4 in Diamond. This large factor in diamond, gives it its unique winkling brilliance!
Electromagnetic waves like visible light are so fast it can travel around the earth about 7.5 times IN ONE SECOND!
It only takes light about 1.3 seconds to reach the moon and 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach the sun.
Maxwell calculated that the speed of each wave is equal to the electric field's magnitude divided by the magnetic fields magnitude.
And this speed of light works out to be 3x 10^8 meters per second or 186,000 miles EVERY second.
We write it simply as small c, and it's the speed of every electromagnetic wave, ever, at least in a vacuum.
Note this is the speed of light in a vacuum or air even, but light does in fact slow down when it is passing through matter. For example, light slows down by a factor of 1.33 in water, 1.5 in glass and a factor of 2.4 in Diamond. This large factor in diamond, gives it its unique winkling brilliance!
Electromagnetic waves like visible light are so fast it can travel around the earth about 7.5 times IN ONE SECOND!
It only takes light about 1.3 seconds to reach the moon and 8 minutes and 20 seconds to reach the sun.
So now we have a new understanding of what light is. It is simply made of electromagnetic waves traveling at speed c which we usually just call the speed of light.
Like waves in the ocean, electromagnetic waves can vary in their wavelength, frequency and amplitude.
Remember from module 1, the wavelength is the distance between the peaks of a wave and the frequency is how many times a wave peaks in a given second.
Or stated another way frequency is the number of times per second that something cycles or repeats itself.
A waves speed is equal to its frequency times is wavelength.v=fλ
From this equation, it is clear that the greater the frequency, the smaller the wavelength and the larger the wavelength, the smaller the frequency, since the speed is constant.
Remember from module 1, the wavelength is the distance between the peaks of a wave and the frequency is how many times a wave peaks in a given second.
Or stated another way frequency is the number of times per second that something cycles or repeats itself.
A waves speed is equal to its frequency times is wavelength.v=fλ
From this equation, it is clear that the greater the frequency, the smaller the wavelength and the larger the wavelength, the smaller the frequency, since the speed is constant.
Below is the Full Range of the Electromagnetic Spectrum.
So visible light is an electromagnetic wave BUT it is only a teeny tiny sliver of the vast electromagnetic spectrum and has a very limited range of possible wavelengths, roughly between 400 and 700 nanometers. If the entire electromagnetic spectrum were laid out across the Brooklyn Bridge, the portion we can see with our eyes would be just a few feet wide."
So visible light is an electromagnetic wave BUT it is only a teeny tiny sliver of the vast electromagnetic spectrum and has a very limited range of possible wavelengths, roughly between 400 and 700 nanometers. If the entire electromagnetic spectrum were laid out across the Brooklyn Bridge, the portion we can see with our eyes would be just a few feet wide."
From this image we can see the The Main "Groups" of the Electromagnetic Spectrum.
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The electromagnetic spectrum covers some 80 Octaves of Frequencies from the extremely low frequency Radio waves (ELFS) up to Ultra high gamma rays from space. This is an ENORMOUS spectrum ranging from sizes smaller than a proton to sizes on order of the size of the earth!
Light as a Particle - The PHOTON!
It turns out our view of light as an electromagnetic wave is only half the story.
Quantum Mechanics shows that Light also has a particle-like nature which is called a photon.
It turns out our view of light as an electromagnetic wave is only half the story.
Quantum Mechanics shows that Light also has a particle-like nature which is called a photon.
We therefore have two very different ideas for how light works -- as waves in the electric and magnetic fields, and as the motion of massless particles called photons. This pair of explanations is called "wave-particle duality" and is a recurring theme of quantum mechanics.
Weirder still is that static electric and magnetic fields also exhibit this wave-particle duality. The electric and magnetic forces we have been talking about through this course can be modeled by the exchange of what are called virtual photons.
Weirder still is that static electric and magnetic fields also exhibit this wave-particle duality. The electric and magnetic forces we have been talking about through this course can be modeled by the exchange of what are called virtual photons.
Virtual photons are constantly emitted and reabsorbed around charged objects at rest or in motion so this includes both electric fields and magnetic fields.
ALL of electricity and magnetism comes about from the energy exchange in either virtual (electric and magnetic force) or real (electromagnetic waves) photons!! ITS ALL LIGHT!!!
This is what creates the pure magnetic field (coherent virtual photons) and it is energetically very different from "real" photons in electromagnetic radiation!!!
The important point we'll see later is when charged particles like electrons accelerate or oscillate fast enough, photons are emitting in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Otherwise the virtual photons or FORCE of electricity and magnetism get dragged along and stay attached to the electrical or magnetic objects.
ALL of electricity and magnetism comes about from the energy exchange in either virtual (electric and magnetic force) or real (electromagnetic waves) photons!! ITS ALL LIGHT!!!
This is what creates the pure magnetic field (coherent virtual photons) and it is energetically very different from "real" photons in electromagnetic radiation!!!
The important point we'll see later is when charged particles like electrons accelerate or oscillate fast enough, photons are emitting in the form of electromagnetic waves.
Otherwise the virtual photons or FORCE of electricity and magnetism get dragged along and stay attached to the electrical or magnetic objects.
Ok Now Let's Look at the Different Forms of Energy Medicine.
While there are other types of energy medicine, like sound therapy and vibration therapy that are not electromagnetic, most energy medicine devices incorporate electricity magnetic, and/or electromagnetic waves in one way or another.
While Maxwell's equations DO in fact unify electricity , magnetism and light, it must be emphasized that these are VERY different forms of energy and provide a natural way to categorize different energy medicine devices.
While there are other types of energy medicine, like sound therapy and vibration therapy that are not electromagnetic, most energy medicine devices incorporate electricity magnetic, and/or electromagnetic waves in one way or another.
While Maxwell's equations DO in fact unify electricity , magnetism and light, it must be emphasized that these are VERY different forms of energy and provide a natural way to categorize different energy medicine devices.
1) Electrical Energy - Electric Fields and Electric Currents
2) Magnetic Energy
3) Electromagnetic Energy (photonic).
The Energies and Forces are DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT so lets look briefly at each and then in relation FIRST to what the earth gives us, because that is my thesis and guiding principle to what we need and want to look for in a device and second the different types energy medicine devices and whats best in my opinion. Hint: what is best is what the earth naturally gives us.
2) Magnetic Energy
3) Electromagnetic Energy (photonic).
The Energies and Forces are DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT so lets look briefly at each and then in relation FIRST to what the earth gives us, because that is my thesis and guiding principle to what we need and want to look for in a device and second the different types energy medicine devices and whats best in my opinion. Hint: what is best is what the earth naturally gives us.
A. Lets Start with Electric Fields and Electric Currents...
Electric Forces are Conservative Forces using Coulombs or Gauss's Law.
Virtual photons are the carriers of the electric force in quantum field theory. The electric force due to the electric field around charged objects is incredibly powerful and is the strongest of the forces we can experience in our everyday world.
The main reason we do not notice this on a large scale is most things are electrically neutral. Lets look at the electric fields and electrical currents of the earth first then energy medicine devices that use them.
Electric Forces are Conservative Forces using Coulombs or Gauss's Law.
Virtual photons are the carriers of the electric force in quantum field theory. The electric force due to the electric field around charged objects is incredibly powerful and is the strongest of the forces we can experience in our everyday world.
The main reason we do not notice this on a large scale is most things are electrically neutral. Lets look at the electric fields and electrical currents of the earth first then energy medicine devices that use them.
Electric Fields of the Earth -
The earth has a fair weather electric field of around 100-300 Volts per meter.
The natural electric field of the Earth refers to the planet Earth having a natural direct current (DC) electric field or potential gradient from the ground upwards to the ionosphere.
Thunderstorms add negative ions and ozone and an extra Electric Field Boost.
Schumann Resonances have an electric field component. The Schumann resonance electric field amplitude (~300 microvolts per meter) is much smaller than the static fair-weather electric field (~150 V/m), but is Extremely biologically active due to resonance and entrainment with the Human Body.
Electric Currents in Earth
Now we turn to another natural, earth current called the telluric current. While the Schumann Resonance is a standing EM wave oscillating between the earth’s surface and the ionosphere, the telluric currents are geo-magnetically induced waves that flow across the surface of the earth. That is there is literally natural electricity flowing through the ground which is one of the reasons grounding or earthing is so healthy. Its earth's natural microcurrent therapy.
The wavelengths of the telluric currents are also in the ELF range just like the Schumann resonance and Magnetic field frequencies! This is further confirmation that what we need is Low Frequency (and Low Intensity) fields, ideally magnetic as we'll see.
So what are the best Electric Field and Electric Current Devices.
Honestly, IN my opinion, you Don't Need any electric field or microcurrent/estim energy medicine device Device - Why? As we'll See PEMFs flat our work better.
GET Natural Earth Currents by walking barefoot, going to beach, gardening, camping, etc. Earthing pads and products are not needed in my opinion.
The earth has a fair weather electric field of around 100-300 Volts per meter.
The natural electric field of the Earth refers to the planet Earth having a natural direct current (DC) electric field or potential gradient from the ground upwards to the ionosphere.
Thunderstorms add negative ions and ozone and an extra Electric Field Boost.
Schumann Resonances have an electric field component. The Schumann resonance electric field amplitude (~300 microvolts per meter) is much smaller than the static fair-weather electric field (~150 V/m), but is Extremely biologically active due to resonance and entrainment with the Human Body.
Electric Currents in Earth
Now we turn to another natural, earth current called the telluric current. While the Schumann Resonance is a standing EM wave oscillating between the earth’s surface and the ionosphere, the telluric currents are geo-magnetically induced waves that flow across the surface of the earth. That is there is literally natural electricity flowing through the ground which is one of the reasons grounding or earthing is so healthy. Its earth's natural microcurrent therapy.
The wavelengths of the telluric currents are also in the ELF range just like the Schumann resonance and Magnetic field frequencies! This is further confirmation that what we need is Low Frequency (and Low Intensity) fields, ideally magnetic as we'll see.
So what are the best Electric Field and Electric Current Devices.
Honestly, IN my opinion, you Don't Need any electric field or microcurrent/estim energy medicine device Device - Why? As we'll See PEMFs flat our work better.
GET Natural Earth Currents by walking barefoot, going to beach, gardening, camping, etc. Earthing pads and products are not needed in my opinion.
But Let me mention at least energy medicine devices that use Electric Fields and/or Electric currents.
Electrostatics/Electric Fields (Charges): Electric Field Based Devices - Multiwave Oscillators, High Voltage Rife Machines, Some rife machines. Frequency harmonics, voltage, negative ions/ozone, some have plasma tubes like photon genie, photon sound beam and genius.
Electric Current/ MicroCurrrent Dominate devices - Usually uses electrodes or hand held metal tubes.
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit
Estim. Frequency-specific microcurrent (FSM), TENs units Microcurrents/Zappers/Scenars/Tenant biomodulator (frequency, current, waveform).
Electrostatics/Electric Fields (Charges): Electric Field Based Devices - Multiwave Oscillators, High Voltage Rife Machines, Some rife machines. Frequency harmonics, voltage, negative ions/ozone, some have plasma tubes like photon genie, photon sound beam and genius.
Electric Current/ MicroCurrrent Dominate devices - Usually uses electrodes or hand held metal tubes.
transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) unit
Estim. Frequency-specific microcurrent (FSM), TENs units Microcurrents/Zappers/Scenars/Tenant biomodulator (frequency, current, waveform).
C. Electromagnetic Waves (Light - Infrared - LED - LASER devices)
The next form of energy is electromagnetic waves. We have been talking about which is light and electromagnetic waves which are emitting as ACTUAL (not virtual) photons from an accelerating charges.
Interesting Light has force, but it is EXTREMELY small compared to the Electric and Magnetic forces. The pressure exerted by light is minuscule but measurable, but so tiny you won't do anything practical with it on a macroscopic level.
So lets look at earth's natural electromagnetic waves.
The next form of energy is electromagnetic waves. We have been talking about which is light and electromagnetic waves which are emitting as ACTUAL (not virtual) photons from an accelerating charges.
Interesting Light has force, but it is EXTREMELY small compared to the Electric and Magnetic forces. The pressure exerted by light is minuscule but measurable, but so tiny you won't do anything practical with it on a macroscopic level.
So lets look at earth's natural electromagnetic waves.
The Earth's Natural Electromagnetic Waves
1) [Visible, IR and UV] Heliotherapy Worship the Sun (but respect it's power)
2) [UVB] and Vitamin D
When you cannot be in the Sun - Full Spectrum
3) [Visible] Important of Full Spectrum Light in the Day
4) [Visible] Important of NO Blue Lights at Night
[Circadian Rhythms]Light Cycles, Hormones and Sleep
5) Red Light Therapy - Red and NIR Infrared Therapy (from Graph Above it is peak output of Red and NIR
630-680 um
800-880 um
Our bodies have evolved to harness energy from these wavelengths (compromise between higher energy and penetration depth).
Cytochrome C and mitochondrial Function/ATP production.
Far Infrared Therapy, Saunas, Detox and More
6) Far Infrared Sauna Therapy. EZ Water, Energy Production and Detox
NOTE: Cosmic radiation in the form of xrays and gamma rays and charged particles also comes from all directions (not only from the sun).
1) [Visible, IR and UV] Heliotherapy Worship the Sun (but respect it's power)
2) [UVB] and Vitamin D
When you cannot be in the Sun - Full Spectrum
3) [Visible] Important of Full Spectrum Light in the Day
4) [Visible] Important of NO Blue Lights at Night
[Circadian Rhythms]Light Cycles, Hormones and Sleep
5) Red Light Therapy - Red and NIR Infrared Therapy (from Graph Above it is peak output of Red and NIR
630-680 um
800-880 um
Our bodies have evolved to harness energy from these wavelengths (compromise between higher energy and penetration depth).
Cytochrome C and mitochondrial Function/ATP production.
Far Infrared Therapy, Saunas, Detox and More
6) Far Infrared Sauna Therapy. EZ Water, Energy Production and Detox
NOTE: Cosmic radiation in the form of xrays and gamma rays and charged particles also comes from all directions (not only from the sun).
Low ELF, Earth Frequency signals (secondary effect low frequency PEMF devices). Better to Get as a PURE PEMF.
- Radio Frequencies (RF) - Rife, Gas Plasma Devices. Also Don't need in my opinion.
- Microwave - Mainly electrosmog, though diathermy low end microwave. Not safe.
- Far, Middle Infrared - Sauna Therapy/Heat Therapy/Detox (quality of heating elements, electrosmog, nontoxic. Great for Detox.
- Near Infrared / Red Light - Red Light Therapy. Power Output and Frequency and Area covered. Great for ATP, Circulation, healing (though PEMF better).
- Full Spectrum Light, Color Therapy. Light boxes, full spectrum lights, light /color therapy
- Blue Light - Melatonin
- UVA and UVB - UVB Lights for Vitamin D
- Higher frequencies than UVB are ionizing and dangerous.
D) PURE MAGNETIC FIELDS/PEMFs - MAIN FOCUS OF THIS COURSE
Finally we have Magnetic Fields.... Unlike Electric Fields, Magnetic Fields and Forces are Non Conservative and velocity DEPENDENT.
As I have talked about in my book and many other videos, the natural magnetic fields of the earth include both the geomagnetic fields and Schumann resonances. The bottom line is we NEED magnetic fields of the earth. When we are deficient, we end up with Magnetic Deficiency syndrome as Dr Nakagawa showed a many years ago.
But because the magnetic field of the earth is declining and we are spending less and less time outdoors and more and more time inside and isolated, with wifi, cell phones and all kinds of unhealthy EMF, PEMF therapy just might be THE most important energy supplement we can add to our holistic wellness routine!
Ok back to what makes magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy so special and THE most effective form of energy medicine. This is not just my opinion, its based on physics and biophysics!
Magnetic force virtual photons have a much different quality then real photons from electromagnetic waves and electric field virtual photons in both their coherence and penetration. It is these two qualities COHERENCE and PENETRATION that make magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy UNIQUE in all of energy medicine.
Finally we have Magnetic Fields.... Unlike Electric Fields, Magnetic Fields and Forces are Non Conservative and velocity DEPENDENT.
As I have talked about in my book and many other videos, the natural magnetic fields of the earth include both the geomagnetic fields and Schumann resonances. The bottom line is we NEED magnetic fields of the earth. When we are deficient, we end up with Magnetic Deficiency syndrome as Dr Nakagawa showed a many years ago.
But because the magnetic field of the earth is declining and we are spending less and less time outdoors and more and more time inside and isolated, with wifi, cell phones and all kinds of unhealthy EMF, PEMF therapy just might be THE most important energy supplement we can add to our holistic wellness routine!
Ok back to what makes magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy so special and THE most effective form of energy medicine. This is not just my opinion, its based on physics and biophysics!
Magnetic force virtual photons have a much different quality then real photons from electromagnetic waves and electric field virtual photons in both their coherence and penetration. It is these two qualities COHERENCE and PENETRATION that make magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy UNIQUE in all of energy medicine.
1) Coherence
The virtual photons in magnets and current loops that give rise to magnetic fields and magnetic forces are all lined up in the same direction.
Coherent Energy is when the energy of the fields are going in the same direction with the same phase or angular relationship.
Coherent Energy works against Entropy creating order and even life (also Negentropy or Syntropy). Coherent energy begets coherent health.
Incoherent Energy is photons and particles going all in different directions with no phase relationship. This is decoherence/Entropy. This is usually thermalized energy that CANNOT be used for work.
Life is Coherence. Sickness and death is Incoherence and Entropy.
The virtual photons in magnets and current loops that give rise to magnetic fields and magnetic forces are all lined up in the same direction.
Coherent Energy is when the energy of the fields are going in the same direction with the same phase or angular relationship.
Coherent Energy works against Entropy creating order and even life (also Negentropy or Syntropy). Coherent energy begets coherent health.
Incoherent Energy is photons and particles going all in different directions with no phase relationship. This is decoherence/Entropy. This is usually thermalized energy that CANNOT be used for work.
Life is Coherence. Sickness and death is Incoherence and Entropy.
2) Penetration
The magnetic force is also much more deeply penetrating than other forms of energy medicine due to the fact there are no magnetic monopoles, hence no shielding. No surface or needle electrode is required. No hand held electrifying tubes, no electric shocks of any kind.
Magnetic Fields are therefore non-invasive in the purest sense, and far easier and more efficient to apply. And there is no interference, impedance or dielectrics like electric field or microcurrents and no attenuation reflection/absorption issues like light therapy, lasers or LEDS.
This allows magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy devices to penetrate every nook and cranny of the body down into the very nucleus of every cell and the very bone marrow of your body.
The magnetic force is also much more deeply penetrating than other forms of energy medicine due to the fact there are no magnetic monopoles, hence no shielding. No surface or needle electrode is required. No hand held electrifying tubes, no electric shocks of any kind.
Magnetic Fields are therefore non-invasive in the purest sense, and far easier and more efficient to apply. And there is no interference, impedance or dielectrics like electric field or microcurrents and no attenuation reflection/absorption issues like light therapy, lasers or LEDS.
This allows magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy devices to penetrate every nook and cranny of the body down into the very nucleus of every cell and the very bone marrow of your body.
The comparison between the magnetic field lines around a current-carrying loop and a bar magnet shows that the two patterns are nearly identical.
At the centre of the loop, the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the plane of the loop and they are all lined up in the same direction, and hence it behaves like a magnet. This is why you want larger coils on a PEMF device so we can have MORE surface area exposure to pure magnetic fields.
At the centre of the loop, the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the plane of the loop and they are all lined up in the same direction, and hence it behaves like a magnet. This is why you want larger coils on a PEMF device so we can have MORE surface area exposure to pure magnetic fields.
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So create these pure pulsating and coherent magnetic fields in PEMF devices, we need the following 6 ingredients.
1. Wire Used - kind, quality and gauge. Creates a cleaner signal = Better Coherence
Magnet wire is copper wire which has been coated (or enameled) with a very thin layer of electrically insulating material. Most pemf devices I have looked at do not use the right kind of wire!!
2. Circular Loops = Pure Magnetic Field (everything else IS NOT!)
3. Tightly Wound Coils vs Loosely Wound = Purer magnetic field = better coherence
4. Full Body Mat with multiple vs Small Local PEMF devices
Important so WHOLE body can be immersed in pure pulsating magnetic fields.
5. Large vs Small Coil Diameters = Larger Magnetic Flux = Larger Surface area of pure magnetic field and greater penetration depth.
6. Flat Solenoid/ Pancake or Column Solenoid Coils work.
All these factors increase magnetic flux and coherence and purity of the field. PEMF coils are like the speakers in a stereo. Would you want cheap speakers with the best stereo??
We'll talk more about waveform and frequency in the next two videos, but for now understand the important of using low frequency and low intensity currents in PEMF devices AND the important of using multiple, large, tightly wound circular coils in a full body mat PEMF device. As shocking as it sounds, NOT MANY PEMF PRODUCTS UNDERSTAND AND USE THIS BASIC SCIENCE. THE iMRS 2000 and BEMER are two examples that DO do it right.
Most cheap PEMF devices use cheap dinky coils.
Most portable PEMF devices just don't cover much area.
ALL high intensity devices create unhealthy radiation fields and unhealthy field strengths as reviewed by respected organizations like the ICNIRP.
**Higher frequency and higher intensity PEMF devices or cheap PEMF devices with ineffective signals or poorly constructed coils create incoherent radiation that are minimally therapeutic at best and straight up electrosmog at its worst.
Unfortunately most high intensity ringer devices have a whole slew of higher frequencies along with the high intensity creates this UNHEALTHY radiation.
And some high quality devices like QRS and Medithera use loosely wound oval coils that are the wrong geometry.
As a former physics professor it really shocks me no one is talking about the correct science of PEMF which is based on MAXWELL'S Equations! The most trusted equations in all of science!!
Magnet wire is copper wire which has been coated (or enameled) with a very thin layer of electrically insulating material. Most pemf devices I have looked at do not use the right kind of wire!!
2. Circular Loops = Pure Magnetic Field (everything else IS NOT!)
3. Tightly Wound Coils vs Loosely Wound = Purer magnetic field = better coherence
4. Full Body Mat with multiple vs Small Local PEMF devices
Important so WHOLE body can be immersed in pure pulsating magnetic fields.
5. Large vs Small Coil Diameters = Larger Magnetic Flux = Larger Surface area of pure magnetic field and greater penetration depth.
6. Flat Solenoid/ Pancake or Column Solenoid Coils work.
All these factors increase magnetic flux and coherence and purity of the field. PEMF coils are like the speakers in a stereo. Would you want cheap speakers with the best stereo??
We'll talk more about waveform and frequency in the next two videos, but for now understand the important of using low frequency and low intensity currents in PEMF devices AND the important of using multiple, large, tightly wound circular coils in a full body mat PEMF device. As shocking as it sounds, NOT MANY PEMF PRODUCTS UNDERSTAND AND USE THIS BASIC SCIENCE. THE iMRS 2000 and BEMER are two examples that DO do it right.
Most cheap PEMF devices use cheap dinky coils.
Most portable PEMF devices just don't cover much area.
ALL high intensity devices create unhealthy radiation fields and unhealthy field strengths as reviewed by respected organizations like the ICNIRP.
**Higher frequency and higher intensity PEMF devices or cheap PEMF devices with ineffective signals or poorly constructed coils create incoherent radiation that are minimally therapeutic at best and straight up electrosmog at its worst.
Unfortunately most high intensity ringer devices have a whole slew of higher frequencies along with the high intensity creates this UNHEALTHY radiation.
And some high quality devices like QRS and Medithera use loosely wound oval coils that are the wrong geometry.
As a former physics professor it really shocks me no one is talking about the correct science of PEMF which is based on MAXWELL'S Equations! The most trusted equations in all of science!!
So how do these coherent pure pulsating magnetic fields interact and help to heal the body? The answer is RESONANCE. Through the phenomenon of resonance it turns out that frequency is REALLY THE main thing when it comes to broadcasting electromagnetic waves wirelessly from one point in space to another, NOT intensity. Frequency Matters in Energy medicine, NOT INTENSITY!!
And even better than electromagnetic resonance through radiation is magnetic resonance through pure pulsating magnetic fields!!
This will be the NEXT big thing in wireless energy transfer!
We'll see in the next video that new technology like witricity and other magnetic resonance energy transfer systems is a more efficient and effective form or energy transfer than electromagnetic resonance like radio, wifi, cell photo, etc.
The transmitting antenna of magnetic resonance are the coils in the PEMF system, and the receivers are your 50 Trillion cells. Magnetic resonance stimulation using large, tightly wound coils is REALLY what PEMF therapy devices SHOULD BE!!
This is probably the most exciting new information I have come across in a long time, so I very much look forward to sharing it with you in the next video!!
And even better than electromagnetic resonance through radiation is magnetic resonance through pure pulsating magnetic fields!!
This will be the NEXT big thing in wireless energy transfer!
We'll see in the next video that new technology like witricity and other magnetic resonance energy transfer systems is a more efficient and effective form or energy transfer than electromagnetic resonance like radio, wifi, cell photo, etc.
The transmitting antenna of magnetic resonance are the coils in the PEMF system, and the receivers are your 50 Trillion cells. Magnetic resonance stimulation using large, tightly wound coils is REALLY what PEMF therapy devices SHOULD BE!!
This is probably the most exciting new information I have come across in a long time, so I very much look forward to sharing it with you in the next video!!
Understanding the Difference Between Pure Pulsating PEMFs and Electromagnetic Therapy.
It is important to keep in mind that electromagnetic radiation like radio waves, visible light, xrays, cosmic rays etc. always has its source in electric charges (like electrons in wires) that are accelerating or oscillating or in changing or alternating currents (AC) circuits.
The animation shown here gives the electric field lines in the neighborhood of a pair of oscillating electrical charges (dipole radiation); and the spreading of the electric field lines is accompanied by magnetic field lines at right angles to them (not shown). This gives rise to electromagnetic waves that propagate away from oscillating charges like radio waves.
It is important to keep in mind that electromagnetic radiation like radio waves, visible light, xrays, cosmic rays etc. always has its source in electric charges (like electrons in wires) that are accelerating or oscillating or in changing or alternating currents (AC) circuits.
The animation shown here gives the electric field lines in the neighborhood of a pair of oscillating electrical charges (dipole radiation); and the spreading of the electric field lines is accompanied by magnetic field lines at right angles to them (not shown). This gives rise to electromagnetic waves that propagate away from oscillating charges like radio waves.
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Circular current loops used in PEMF devices ARE similar but are magnetic dipoles so let's focus on magnetic dipole radiation.
Review: Magnetic Dipoles = Circular Current loops.
Magnetic fields ALWAYS come from current loops or dipoles and there is always a N and S pole together hence di-pole (literally two poles).
Review: Magnetic Dipoles = Circular Current loops.
Magnetic fields ALWAYS come from current loops or dipoles and there is always a N and S pole together hence di-pole (literally two poles).
The radiated power in a magnetic dipole (derived from Maxwell's equations) is given by this equation and depends on TWO factors, the frequency of oscillation and the intensity which in these equations which is the w^4 and mo^2 respectively.
Notice the 4th power of frequency! This means the frequency of the electric or magnetic dipole (or AC circuit) is the MAIN determinate of whether a source charge or current radiates energy away.
So not only do you need an accelerating or oscillating charge, the rate of oscillation, its frequency and intensity needs to be high enough for the field to separate from the source and radiate kinda like a soap bubble detaching from a circular wand needs you to blow hard enough for it to detach.
Higher intensity and/or higher frequency PEMF devices will result in a more incoherent , and less therapeutic (and potentially dangerous) electromagnetic field with radiation mixed in...
Notice the 4th power of frequency! This means the frequency of the electric or magnetic dipole (or AC circuit) is the MAIN determinate of whether a source charge or current radiates energy away.
So not only do you need an accelerating or oscillating charge, the rate of oscillation, its frequency and intensity needs to be high enough for the field to separate from the source and radiate kinda like a soap bubble detaching from a circular wand needs you to blow hard enough for it to detach.
Higher intensity and/or higher frequency PEMF devices will result in a more incoherent , and less therapeutic (and potentially dangerous) electromagnetic field with radiation mixed in...
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Radio stations and cell phone companies definitely want radiation to transfer energy and information wirelessly from one point in space to another, but We do NOT want our PEMF device to radiate, rather we want it to create pure pulsating COHERENT magnetic fields that stay ATTACHED to the coils like a bubble staying on the wand (and does not radiate away).
I did some calculations and normal sized PEMF coil sizes need at least 1MHz and/or higher intensity to radiate electromagnetic waves.
So to minimize radiation we want to use low frequency and low intensity currents in our PEMF devices.
I did some calculations and normal sized PEMF coil sizes need at least 1MHz and/or higher intensity to radiate electromagnetic waves.
So to minimize radiation we want to use low frequency and low intensity currents in our PEMF devices.
These non-radiating pure pulsating coherent magnetic fields come from what are called the "velocity fields" of solutions Maxwell's Inhomogeneous wave equations applied to magnetic dipoles or current loops. These are the fields that get dragged along the coils and stay attached.
By contrast the acceleration fields to these same equations are what creates the electromagnetic radiation. These fields detach and break away.
So every source will have a mix of velocity fields that stay attached and acceleration or radiation that radiate away ranging from almost 100% radiation in the case of high frequency and/or high intensity to the other end of the spectrum of almost no radiation at all with low frequency and low intensity.
By contrast the acceleration fields to these same equations are what creates the electromagnetic radiation. These fields detach and break away.
So every source will have a mix of velocity fields that stay attached and acceleration or radiation that radiate away ranging from almost 100% radiation in the case of high frequency and/or high intensity to the other end of the spectrum of almost no radiation at all with low frequency and low intensity.
Ok if I lost you, lets go back to the soap bubble analogy for a rescue:
Pure Pulsating Magnetic Fields (the velocity field) are like YOU gently blowing a soap bubble on a wand but not blowing too hard, so that the bubble stays attached to the wand but vibrates while on the wand as you blow it gently. In the analogy the wand is the PEMF coil, you blowing is the intensity/frequency and vibrating bubble itself that stays attached is the pure pulsating magnetic field. So this attached bubble is highly coherent and deeply penetrating and therapeutically beneficial.
As you increase the frequency and intensity in a PEMF coil, this is like blowing the bubble harder and harder so that the bubble vibrates and expands and eventually flies away. In this analogy again the wand is the coil, the blowing harder is like increasing the intensity/frequency in the coil, and the detached bubble is a radiated electromagnetic wave from a dipole source!
Radio waves transmitted to your car radio are like detached soap bubbles your receiving antenna picks up.
Pure Pulsating Magnetic Fields (the velocity field) are like YOU gently blowing a soap bubble on a wand but not blowing too hard, so that the bubble stays attached to the wand but vibrates while on the wand as you blow it gently. In the analogy the wand is the PEMF coil, you blowing is the intensity/frequency and vibrating bubble itself that stays attached is the pure pulsating magnetic field. So this attached bubble is highly coherent and deeply penetrating and therapeutically beneficial.
As you increase the frequency and intensity in a PEMF coil, this is like blowing the bubble harder and harder so that the bubble vibrates and expands and eventually flies away. In this analogy again the wand is the coil, the blowing harder is like increasing the intensity/frequency in the coil, and the detached bubble is a radiated electromagnetic wave from a dipole source!
Radio waves transmitted to your car radio are like detached soap bubbles your receiving antenna picks up.
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So the magnetic dipole radiation of low frequency , low intensity PEMF devices is negligible to nonexistent, which is EXACTLY what you want. You do NOT want radiation in PEMF devices. Let me repeat that... you do NOT want radiation.
Why is this important?
It's extremely important because when LOW frequency and LOW intensity currents are used in PEMF devices through the current loops, what results is pure pure pulsating magnetic fields that are coherent and deeply penetrating into your body, organs, tissues and cells.
And because the magnetic fields change with time, you get the best of both worlds: pure magnetic field therapy and electromagnetic induction.
Radiating electromagnetic waves are almost ALWAYS incoherent with the exception of lasers, and they DO NOT penetrate and have nearly the healing power of pure magnetic fields.
It's extremely important because when LOW frequency and LOW intensity currents are used in PEMF devices through the current loops, what results is pure pure pulsating magnetic fields that are coherent and deeply penetrating into your body, organs, tissues and cells.
And because the magnetic fields change with time, you get the best of both worlds: pure magnetic field therapy and electromagnetic induction.
Radiating electromagnetic waves are almost ALWAYS incoherent with the exception of lasers, and they DO NOT penetrate and have nearly the healing power of pure magnetic fields.
So pure pulsating magnetic fields (PEMFs), unlike electromagnetic radiation penetrate ALL THE WAY through the body without being blocked, slowed down, or used up.
Higher intensity and/or higher frequency PEMF devices will result in a more incoherent , and less therapeutic (and potentially dangerous) electromagnetic field with radiation mixed in...
Higher intensity and/or higher frequency PEMF devices will result in a more incoherent , and less therapeutic (and potentially dangerous) electromagnetic field with radiation mixed in...
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QED - Quantum Electrodynamics
A dressed electron (or Proton) is a term to describe the cloud of virtual photons and other virtual particles surrounding charged objects.
Strangely photons cannot emit other photons, but can split with sufficient energy into electrons and anti-electrons which can emit more photons. This is a complicated topic and the subject of Quantum Electrodynamics which is usually not seen until graduate school even for physicists.
A dressed electron (or Proton) is a term to describe the cloud of virtual photons and other virtual particles surrounding charged objects.
Strangely photons cannot emit other photons, but can split with sufficient energy into electrons and anti-electrons which can emit more photons. This is a complicated topic and the subject of Quantum Electrodynamics which is usually not seen until graduate school even for physicists.
The Coils in a PEMF System Are Like the Speakers in a Sound System
PEMF and Resonance/Charge Separation - Key, Match Frequency in Mat WITH Frequencies in Body Tissues and Cells.
Since all of the tissues in the body, particularly the brain, have their own fundamental frequencies, outside frequencies applied to the body can cause or "tune" the body's frequencies to be synchronized with the externally applied frequencies.
So a low intensity PEMF signal can cause a BIG effect if PEMF energy resonants with the cells, tissues, brain or organism.
This works EXACTLY like the wireless energy transfer, in fact, PEMF IS WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER FOR THE HUMAN BODY. Remember Wireless Energy Transfer Devices use perfectly circular, tightly wound LOOPS of AC current - Like the Best PEMF Devices
PEMF and Resonance/Charge Separation - Key, Match Frequency in Mat WITH Frequencies in Body Tissues and Cells.
Since all of the tissues in the body, particularly the brain, have their own fundamental frequencies, outside frequencies applied to the body can cause or "tune" the body's frequencies to be synchronized with the externally applied frequencies.
So a low intensity PEMF signal can cause a BIG effect if PEMF energy resonants with the cells, tissues, brain or organism.
This works EXACTLY like the wireless energy transfer, in fact, PEMF IS WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER FOR THE HUMAN BODY. Remember Wireless Energy Transfer Devices use perfectly circular, tightly wound LOOPS of AC current - Like the Best PEMF Devices
Magnetic Flux like electric flux is a scalar quantity, and in the magnetic case it has a special name - "WEBERS", which is abbreviated Wb and which has units T* m^2 (magnetic field times area).
In PEMF therapy, the Magnetic Flux HEAVILY depends on the area of the Coil. You have to integrate the magnetic field OVER THE ENTIRE AREA. Therefore larger coils have and exponentially LARGER flux as you increase the radius than smaller coils. Why because Area = pi*r^2. If you double the radius, the flux increases 4-fold. Quadruple the radius and it increases 16-fold.
Larger Coils provide a LARGER Coherent Field.
Magnetic Flux is a measure of how much pure pulsating Coherent PEMF you have providing you are using low frequency and low intensity to minimize radiation fields.
In this image shown, the OMI pad has small little coils. The iMRS pillow applicator has coils that are 11x longer in radius. Therefore EVEN WITH THE SAME INTENSITY AT THE SURFACE, the Magnetic FLUX in webers of the iMRS 2000 is 121 times LARGER!!!
In PEMF therapy, the Magnetic Flux HEAVILY depends on the area of the Coil. You have to integrate the magnetic field OVER THE ENTIRE AREA. Therefore larger coils have and exponentially LARGER flux as you increase the radius than smaller coils. Why because Area = pi*r^2. If you double the radius, the flux increases 4-fold. Quadruple the radius and it increases 16-fold.
Larger Coils provide a LARGER Coherent Field.
Magnetic Flux is a measure of how much pure pulsating Coherent PEMF you have providing you are using low frequency and low intensity to minimize radiation fields.
In this image shown, the OMI pad has small little coils. The iMRS pillow applicator has coils that are 11x longer in radius. Therefore EVEN WITH THE SAME INTENSITY AT THE SURFACE, the Magnetic FLUX in webers of the iMRS 2000 is 121 times LARGER!!!
A NOTE ABOUT PENETRATION DEPTH - Technical Scientific/ Engineering Term
Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material falls to 1/e (about 37%) of its original value at (or more properly, just beneath) the surface.
In other words, the penetration depth is technically definted as the depth that a light penetrates a specific type of substance where it loses 63% of its overall intensity at the surface. (Note: most full body mat PEMF devices you lay directly on the mat so the starting intensity is effectively the manufacturer listed intensity.
Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material falls to 1/e (about 37%) of its original value at (or more properly, just beneath) the surface.
In other words, the penetration depth is technically definted as the depth that a light penetrates a specific type of substance where it loses 63% of its overall intensity at the surface. (Note: most full body mat PEMF devices you lay directly on the mat so the starting intensity is effectively the manufacturer listed intensity.
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Discussing all the different modalities of energy medicine is beyond the scope of this book, but over the past 21 years, here is a sample of the devices I have owned, used and researched:
From A-Z , here is a sampling of the devices I have tried
Biofeedback Machines – NES system, Indigo system, QXCI,SCIO, Zyto, Innergetix
Information Based / Electric Current... PEMF: No
EE System/Scalar Waves , EE system, Synchronicity Wave System, Scalar Wave, Scalar Laser, Scalar Pens, Bracelets and Pendants, Crystal Matrix Generator
No real Scalar Wave Systems Exist.... PEMF: No
EMF protection (Pendants) – Smart Shield 360, Swiss Harmony, Biopro, Qlink, EarthCalm, scalar pendants, ewater pendant, Slim Spulring pendants and hoops (plus many more)
Ed skilling devices (photon sound beam, photon genie, Photon Genius, etc)
Infrared Therapy Beds (with Rollers) - Migun Bed, Soqi Bed , Abaton bed
Infrared Therapy - Far and Near Infared- Saunas (Lux/Clearlight/Therasauna/Sunlight) , Light Infrared, Infratherapy , Near Infrared (light) Saunas
Ionic Footbaths - (Q2,Aqua Chi,EB Pro,IonCleanse, Pure Charge)
Lasers - Terraquant , Scalarwave Laser and others
LEDs -Light Stem Bed, NovoThor Bed, Warp 10, Joov, Lumenphoton, Bemer LED / PEMF system, and many hand held LED products
Multiwave Oscillators (Biocharger NG, Biocharger, VIBE, SEAD/Tesla Energy lights machines)
Oxygen Therapy, Activated Air - Airnergy / Valkion/ Active Air / Ionized Air , oxygen concentraters, EWOT (exercise with oxygen training), hyperbaric chambers.
PEMF - MRS 2000, iMRS 2000 , Omnium 1, Bemer 3000, Bemer Classic, QRS, Magnopro, MAG PEMF, Medithera, Earthpulse, Sota pulser, Magnapulse.PEMF 100,PMT 100, MG-33, Ondamed
Radionics Devices, Radionics Black Boxes , Biophoton Analyzer plus others
Rife Machines - Beam Ray, Perl, GB4000, FScan 1, FScan 2, Energywellness plus others
Scenar – RITM, Dove, Tenant Biomodulator plus others
Static Magnetic Products – Local magnetic wraps for just about every body part, magnetic pillows, magnetic mattress pads, magnetic bracelets, magnetic shower filters and water pipe magnets + much more
Water Ionizers / Water Systems – Enagic SD 501, Kangen 8, Alkaviva Vesta, Ionways Athena, Jupiter (3 models), Pi Water, $50,000 + several others
WBV – Noblerex K1 (currently own and use), Juvent Pro, Powerplate My3/My5, Galileo, Vibraflex, Hypervibe, Vibraslim/Vibratrim, Soloflex, Vibeplate, Turbosonic + several others
Zappers (terminator,ultimate,hulda clark plus many more)
After owning, trying, and in many cases eventually selling most of the aforementioned energy medicine devices; I can honest say that PEMF therapy is the ONE device I personally use every day and it’s the first and most important health and healing device you can invest in. When I first tried an earth inspired PEMF device (the MRS 2000, now iMRS), I immediately noticed better sleep that first night and significantly more energy the following day. Overall I felt and still feel daily a sense of being "lighter" and more energetic. The feeling was and still is subtle, but it’s very tangible. Six years later, PEMF is the my must trusted and favorite device I still use every day out of ALL the above $600,000 worth of devices I have owned, because it WORKS!
Other Forms of Energy Medicine that are not Electric, Magnetic or Electromagnetic. The Big Picture... Elements of Energy Medicine.
See my Free Energy Medicine Course Preview!
1) EARTH: Food Based Therapies - Diet , Supplements, etc.
BEST NATURE INSPIRED Earth: Clean, Nutrient Dense, Fresh, Alive Organic non GMO food and whole food supplements and herbs.
2) WATER: Water Based Therapies, Energized Waters, Ionizers, Ionic Footbaths, Homeopathic Tinctures, Juicing, etc. Able to Program Frequencies.
Best NATURE INSPIRED Water: Clean, Pure (low TDS but SOME minerals) Energized, Negative Memories Erased, Positive Messages Added. Pure vs toxic. pH.
3) AIR: Oxygen/Ozone Therapies/ Breathing Retraining tools/products. ALSO Smell/Essential Oils. Incense. Aromatherapy.
Best NATURE INSPIRED Air: Clean, Purified, Fresh, Negative Ions, proper breathing through nose using diaphragm.
5) Sound Therapy (Air) /Music Therapy Devices. Harmonious vs cacophonous. Sounds of Nature and Classical.
6) GRAVITY: Gravity/Antigravity/Postural/Movement/Exercise Devices
Mechanical Vibrations/Like Whole Body Vibration/Massagers/Chi Machine, etc.
Best NATURE INSPIRED Gravity: Good Posture, Movement, Practices to Avoid Sitting, Yoga, WBV.
From A-Z , here is a sampling of the devices I have tried
Biofeedback Machines – NES system, Indigo system, QXCI,SCIO, Zyto, Innergetix
Information Based / Electric Current... PEMF: No
EE System/Scalar Waves , EE system, Synchronicity Wave System, Scalar Wave, Scalar Laser, Scalar Pens, Bracelets and Pendants, Crystal Matrix Generator
No real Scalar Wave Systems Exist.... PEMF: No
EMF protection (Pendants) – Smart Shield 360, Swiss Harmony, Biopro, Qlink, EarthCalm, scalar pendants, ewater pendant, Slim Spulring pendants and hoops (plus many more)
Ed skilling devices (photon sound beam, photon genie, Photon Genius, etc)
Infrared Therapy Beds (with Rollers) - Migun Bed, Soqi Bed , Abaton bed
Infrared Therapy - Far and Near Infared- Saunas (Lux/Clearlight/Therasauna/Sunlight) , Light Infrared, Infratherapy , Near Infrared (light) Saunas
Ionic Footbaths - (Q2,Aqua Chi,EB Pro,IonCleanse, Pure Charge)
Lasers - Terraquant , Scalarwave Laser and others
LEDs -Light Stem Bed, NovoThor Bed, Warp 10, Joov, Lumenphoton, Bemer LED / PEMF system, and many hand held LED products
Multiwave Oscillators (Biocharger NG, Biocharger, VIBE, SEAD/Tesla Energy lights machines)
Oxygen Therapy, Activated Air - Airnergy / Valkion/ Active Air / Ionized Air , oxygen concentraters, EWOT (exercise with oxygen training), hyperbaric chambers.
PEMF - MRS 2000, iMRS 2000 , Omnium 1, Bemer 3000, Bemer Classic, QRS, Magnopro, MAG PEMF, Medithera, Earthpulse, Sota pulser, Magnapulse.PEMF 100,PMT 100, MG-33, Ondamed
Radionics Devices, Radionics Black Boxes , Biophoton Analyzer plus others
Rife Machines - Beam Ray, Perl, GB4000, FScan 1, FScan 2, Energywellness plus others
Scenar – RITM, Dove, Tenant Biomodulator plus others
Static Magnetic Products – Local magnetic wraps for just about every body part, magnetic pillows, magnetic mattress pads, magnetic bracelets, magnetic shower filters and water pipe magnets + much more
Water Ionizers / Water Systems – Enagic SD 501, Kangen 8, Alkaviva Vesta, Ionways Athena, Jupiter (3 models), Pi Water, $50,000 + several others
WBV – Noblerex K1 (currently own and use), Juvent Pro, Powerplate My3/My5, Galileo, Vibraflex, Hypervibe, Vibraslim/Vibratrim, Soloflex, Vibeplate, Turbosonic + several others
Zappers (terminator,ultimate,hulda clark plus many more)
After owning, trying, and in many cases eventually selling most of the aforementioned energy medicine devices; I can honest say that PEMF therapy is the ONE device I personally use every day and it’s the first and most important health and healing device you can invest in. When I first tried an earth inspired PEMF device (the MRS 2000, now iMRS), I immediately noticed better sleep that first night and significantly more energy the following day. Overall I felt and still feel daily a sense of being "lighter" and more energetic. The feeling was and still is subtle, but it’s very tangible. Six years later, PEMF is the my must trusted and favorite device I still use every day out of ALL the above $600,000 worth of devices I have owned, because it WORKS!
Other Forms of Energy Medicine that are not Electric, Magnetic or Electromagnetic. The Big Picture... Elements of Energy Medicine.
See my Free Energy Medicine Course Preview!
1) EARTH: Food Based Therapies - Diet , Supplements, etc.
BEST NATURE INSPIRED Earth: Clean, Nutrient Dense, Fresh, Alive Organic non GMO food and whole food supplements and herbs.
2) WATER: Water Based Therapies, Energized Waters, Ionizers, Ionic Footbaths, Homeopathic Tinctures, Juicing, etc. Able to Program Frequencies.
Best NATURE INSPIRED Water: Clean, Pure (low TDS but SOME minerals) Energized, Negative Memories Erased, Positive Messages Added. Pure vs toxic. pH.
3) AIR: Oxygen/Ozone Therapies/ Breathing Retraining tools/products. ALSO Smell/Essential Oils. Incense. Aromatherapy.
Best NATURE INSPIRED Air: Clean, Purified, Fresh, Negative Ions, proper breathing through nose using diaphragm.
5) Sound Therapy (Air) /Music Therapy Devices. Harmonious vs cacophonous. Sounds of Nature and Classical.
6) GRAVITY: Gravity/Antigravity/Postural/Movement/Exercise Devices
Mechanical Vibrations/Like Whole Body Vibration/Massagers/Chi Machine, etc.
Best NATURE INSPIRED Gravity: Good Posture, Movement, Practices to Avoid Sitting, Yoga, WBV.
Photons Seem to Behave Sometimes as Particles and Sometimes as Waves.
Very Simply Photons (usually) TRAVEL like a wave BUT they INTERACT LIKE particles transferring Energy and Momentum according to E=hv and P = E/c.
Very Simply Photons (usually) TRAVEL like a wave BUT they INTERACT LIKE particles transferring Energy and Momentum according to E=hv and P = E/c.
Light as the Link To Quantum Mechanics and The Wave/Particle Duality
So lets take closer look at the Relation between the classical and quantum views of electromagnetic waves:
Electromagnetic waves, whether viewed classically or in terms of quantized photons, are not affected by static electrical or magnetic fields. They have no charge.
Nevertheless, they do exert electrical and magnetic forces on charged particles and magnetic particles. Viewed classically, they consist of nothing but electrical and magnetic fields propagating through space, so it’s entirely appropriate to call them electromagnetic waves in ONE respect.
Photons are little units of light -- they are the original "quanta" of quantum mechanics. Their existence was hypothesized to explain the details of the photoelectric effect -- photons with enough energy can knock electrons out of materials. Since then, photons have been found to play a central role in the explanations of many physical phenomena, from explaining how much heat is radiated by hot objects to modern quantum cryptography and quantum computing, quantum biology, quantum optics AND MORE!!
So lets take closer look at the Relation between the classical and quantum views of electromagnetic waves:
Electromagnetic waves, whether viewed classically or in terms of quantized photons, are not affected by static electrical or magnetic fields. They have no charge.
Nevertheless, they do exert electrical and magnetic forces on charged particles and magnetic particles. Viewed classically, they consist of nothing but electrical and magnetic fields propagating through space, so it’s entirely appropriate to call them electromagnetic waves in ONE respect.
Photons are little units of light -- they are the original "quanta" of quantum mechanics. Their existence was hypothesized to explain the details of the photoelectric effect -- photons with enough energy can knock electrons out of materials. Since then, photons have been found to play a central role in the explanations of many physical phenomena, from explaining how much heat is radiated by hot objects to modern quantum cryptography and quantum computing, quantum biology, quantum optics AND MORE!!
Transmission, Reflection, and Absorption
This chart shows how the human body reflects or absorbs many frequencies from Radio waves, to microwaves, to infrared, visible and ultraviolet light.
Sidenote: Unfortunately for us, microwave frequencies DO penetrate into our bodies making 3G, 4G and 5G electromagnetic radiation great for communication, but terrible for our health.
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves go into and through the body very well but typically do not have any therapeutic benefit...
This chart shows how the human body reflects or absorbs many frequencies from Radio waves, to microwaves, to infrared, visible and ultraviolet light.
Sidenote: Unfortunately for us, microwave frequencies DO penetrate into our bodies making 3G, 4G and 5G electromagnetic radiation great for communication, but terrible for our health.
Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) electromagnetic waves go into and through the body very well but typically do not have any therapeutic benefit...
**n a nutshell the homogeneous solutions (as called Vacuum solutions) to maxwells wave equations are the pure radiation fields that are 100% detached from their sources , since the charges and currents currents are set to zero (like in a vacuum).
**The Inhomogeneous equations are the most accurate and have BOTH the radiation fields and velocity fields where the charges and currents are both included and the percent mixture of the two depends on the frequency and intensity of the current in the coils.
Thus the waves and their sources (charges and currents) are really like you and your parents. At some point you are free from your parents when you have enough energy (aka money) and you are able to manage on your own.
The electromagnetic waves can go on their own but they are not produced on their own, they are produced from time varying charges and currents.
The electric and magnetic fields propagate together as waves through space as we showed earlier. What is really fascinating, is that this radiation can transport energy out to infinity if the waves are not absorbed (aka through the vacuum of space).
**The Inhomogeneous equations are the most accurate and have BOTH the radiation fields and velocity fields where the charges and currents are both included and the percent mixture of the two depends on the frequency and intensity of the current in the coils.
Thus the waves and their sources (charges and currents) are really like you and your parents. At some point you are free from your parents when you have enough energy (aka money) and you are able to manage on your own.
The electromagnetic waves can go on their own but they are not produced on their own, they are produced from time varying charges and currents.
The electric and magnetic fields propagate together as waves through space as we showed earlier. What is really fascinating, is that this radiation can transport energy out to infinity if the waves are not absorbed (aka through the vacuum of space).
The fact we can see microwave radiation from over 13 billion years near the Big Bang is evidence of this. Isn't that amazing!!!
The cosmic microwave background CMB is essentially electromagnetic radiation that is left over from the earliest cosmological epoch which permeates the entire Universe. It is believed to have formed about 380,000 years after the Big Bang and contains subtle indications of how the first stars and galaxies formed.
The cosmic microwave background CMB is essentially electromagnetic radiation that is left over from the earliest cosmological epoch which permeates the entire Universe. It is believed to have formed about 380,000 years after the Big Bang and contains subtle indications of how the first stars and galaxies formed.
Low frequency PEMF devices are called quasistatic because they create pure pulsating magnetic "velocity fields" with very little acceleration fields or radiation. Meaning with lower frequency PEMFs we can use the Biot Savart Law and Amperes law and get accurate answers for intensity because the fields are not radiating away. In Electrodynamics its called quasistatic approximation and it 100% applies to low frequency and low intensity PEMF. I did some experiments to verify this. So everything I said in module 5 works for low frequency and low intensity devices.
You need frequencies well OVER 1 Mhz to create any significant amount of radiation fields which none of the GOOD pemf devices use.
You need frequencies well OVER 1 Mhz to create any significant amount of radiation fields which none of the GOOD pemf devices use.
WHY Pure PEMF with large coils is better than other forms of Energy Medicine
Pulsed magnetic therapy devices with large coils have a distinct advantage over ALL other forms of energy medicine (lasers, TENS units, rife machines, etc.) in that your body is transparent to magnetic fields.
Like wind blowing across a grassy field - NO INTERFERENCE. This means magnetic and pulsed magnetic fields can more deeply penetrate every nook and cranny of your body and energize even the cells at the deepest core level.
All tissues in the body are equally transparent to a PEMF.
B=uo*ur*H (relative permeability constant =1).
Pulsed magnetic therapy devices with large coils have a distinct advantage over ALL other forms of energy medicine (lasers, TENS units, rife machines, etc.) in that your body is transparent to magnetic fields.
Like wind blowing across a grassy field - NO INTERFERENCE. This means magnetic and pulsed magnetic fields can more deeply penetrate every nook and cranny of your body and energize even the cells at the deepest core level.
All tissues in the body are equally transparent to a PEMF.
B=uo*ur*H (relative permeability constant =1).
How a Magnetic Field is Generated in a PEMF Device
Electrical currents passed through conductive wire produce magnetic fields by Ampere's Law. Current LOOPS have the special property of MIMICKING perfected a PURE Magnetic Field. There is NO substitute for perfectly circular tightly wound coils!!
Additionally the RADIUS of the Coil and Intensity of the Electrical Current and Number of Windings are all part of the Bio Savart Equation. As we'll see in the Next section THE MOST important parameter with regards to Intensity is the Radius of the COILS used along with the surface magnetic field intensity. Most PEMF companies ONLY tell you the surface intensity. THIS IS INCREDIBLY misleading!!! As we'll illustrate below.
Electrical currents passed through conductive wire produce magnetic fields by Ampere's Law. Current LOOPS have the special property of MIMICKING perfected a PURE Magnetic Field. There is NO substitute for perfectly circular tightly wound coils!!
Additionally the RADIUS of the Coil and Intensity of the Electrical Current and Number of Windings are all part of the Bio Savart Equation. As we'll see in the Next section THE MOST important parameter with regards to Intensity is the Radius of the COILS used along with the surface magnetic field intensity. Most PEMF companies ONLY tell you the surface intensity. THIS IS INCREDIBLY misleading!!! As we'll illustrate below.
As we'll see in frequency section, intensity is MUCH LESS important for PEMF than Red Light/LED/Laser therapy and other forms of energy medicine that have to deal with.
All we need to know to calculate the penetration depth or intensity gradient is:
1) The BioSavart Law (Correct Equation as shown here... notice it is NOT a 1/r^2 dropoff)
2) the diameter of the coil,
3) and the intensity at the surface/source.
NOTE: Pure Magnetic field is MAINLY in the center of the current loops ... NOT MUCH OUTSIDE. A true PEMF device should have large PURE copper coil loops to apply to whole body along with local applicators. In each case center of loop should be placed on the Spot!
All we need to know to calculate the penetration depth or intensity gradient is:
1) The BioSavart Law (Correct Equation as shown here... notice it is NOT a 1/r^2 dropoff)
2) the diameter of the coil,
3) and the intensity at the surface/source.
NOTE: Pure Magnetic field is MAINLY in the center of the current loops ... NOT MUCH OUTSIDE. A true PEMF device should have large PURE copper coil loops to apply to whole body along with local applicators. In each case center of loop should be placed on the Spot!
From the calculations it is PAINFULLY obvious a 1/r^2 equation DOES NOT WORK for magnetic field intensity because the intensity of the coils depends HEAVILY on the radius of the coil. In fact, it is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL!!!
The iMRS Pillow pad coil is 22cm compared to the cheap tiny OMI coils that are only 2cm.
So the Radius is 11cm compared to 1 cm.
What this means using the correct equation for magnetic field dropoff, is that EVEN if you start the iMRS 2000 pillow and OMI at the SAME intensity, the IMRS 2000 will be 11 times stronger than the OMI at a distance Z above the axis along the center of the coil.
The reason for this is you need a STRONGER current in a larger diameter coil than a smaller diameter coil to produce the same intensity in the center. How much stronger? Well it is proportional to the Radius!
Here is the fundamental flaw with using a 1/r^2 law to calculate magnetic fields
1) There are no magnetic monopoles (or point sources for magnetic fields)
2) The correct equation is the Biot Savart Law which depends on BOTH distance and Radius of source coil.
1/r^2 Coulombs law and Newtons law of gravity depend ONLY on the distance because the sources for the field are assumed to be point charges or point center of mass.
3) And finally magnetic fields ALWAYS have a North and South pole so they approximate an electric dipole at LARGE distances as Z---> infinity. Point charges and masses do not have to come in plus/minus pairs (though in the case of an electric dipole, they do!!
As we see in the Frequency Section, the New Science of Wireless Energy Transfer is ALL ABOUT the frequency and diameter of coils, NOT INTENSITY!!
Finally technology is proving what I have been saying all along!!
COILS
(windings, diameter, thickness, # coils, how tightly wound)
The iMRS Pillow pad coil is 22cm compared to the cheap tiny OMI coils that are only 2cm.
So the Radius is 11cm compared to 1 cm.
What this means using the correct equation for magnetic field dropoff, is that EVEN if you start the iMRS 2000 pillow and OMI at the SAME intensity, the IMRS 2000 will be 11 times stronger than the OMI at a distance Z above the axis along the center of the coil.
The reason for this is you need a STRONGER current in a larger diameter coil than a smaller diameter coil to produce the same intensity in the center. How much stronger? Well it is proportional to the Radius!
Here is the fundamental flaw with using a 1/r^2 law to calculate magnetic fields
1) There are no magnetic monopoles (or point sources for magnetic fields)
2) The correct equation is the Biot Savart Law which depends on BOTH distance and Radius of source coil.
1/r^2 Coulombs law and Newtons law of gravity depend ONLY on the distance because the sources for the field are assumed to be point charges or point center of mass.
3) And finally magnetic fields ALWAYS have a North and South pole so they approximate an electric dipole at LARGE distances as Z---> infinity. Point charges and masses do not have to come in plus/minus pairs (though in the case of an electric dipole, they do!!
As we see in the Frequency Section, the New Science of Wireless Energy Transfer is ALL ABOUT the frequency and diameter of coils, NOT INTENSITY!!
Finally technology is proving what I have been saying all along!!
COILS
(windings, diameter, thickness, # coils, how tightly wound)
Ok Now Let's Look at the Different Forms of Energy Medicine.
People commonly confuse the different forms of energy and try to compare frequencies from different types of sources. Even many so called PEMF experts make this mistake.
While Maxwell's equations DO in fact unify electricity , magnetism and light, it must be emphasized that these are VERY different forms of energy.
We just finished looking at Light as an electromagnetic wave, but remember through this course we have seen static electricity, electric current, magnetic fields, and pure pulsating magnetic fields.
Let's explore the differences between the 3 main categories
1) Electrical Energy
2) Magnetic Energy
3) Electromagnetic Energy (photonic).
The Energies and Forces are DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT.
People commonly confuse the different forms of energy and try to compare frequencies from different types of sources. Even many so called PEMF experts make this mistake.
While Maxwell's equations DO in fact unify electricity , magnetism and light, it must be emphasized that these are VERY different forms of energy.
We just finished looking at Light as an electromagnetic wave, but remember through this course we have seen static electricity, electric current, magnetic fields, and pure pulsating magnetic fields.
Let's explore the differences between the 3 main categories
1) Electrical Energy
2) Magnetic Energy
3) Electromagnetic Energy (photonic).
The Energies and Forces are DISTINCTLY DIFFERENT.
A. Electric Forces are Conservative Forces using Coulombs or Gauss's Law (that is one of the 4 of Maxwell's equations). Virtual photons are the carriers of the electric force in quantum field theory. The electric force due to the electric field around charged objects is incredibly powerful and is the strongest of the forces we can experience. The main reason we do not notice this on a large scale is most things are electrically neutral. (Note: Only the strong nuclear force is stronger, but that is bound up between quarks and nucleons).
Electric currents have a minimal electric field (electric field inside conductors USUALLY zero BUT because of applied voltage from battery or outlet, there is a small electric field. This is how magnetic fields can dominate in current loops, while normally electric fields much stronger than magnetic fields.
B. Magnetic Forces are Non Conservative velocity dependent forces using the Lorenz Force equation. Highly Coherent Virtual photons are source of magnetic field.
Magnetic force virtual photons have a much different quality then electric field virtual photons in the coherence and geometry. Think coherent LASER photons vs Incoherent lightbulbs
The magnetic field intensity equation is more complicated than electric forces because there are no point magnetic sources (no magnetic monopoles). This is a HUGE source of Confusion in the Energy Medicine and PEMF community which leads to the big lie we looked at in Video 5.
The main feature that makes magnetic fields the most important and most effective form of energy medicine in my opinion. Though the magnetic force is much weaker than the electric forces and direct electric currents, it is much more deeply penetrating due to the fact there are no magnetic monopoles, hence no shielding. This allows magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy devices to penetrate every nook and cranny of the body down into the very nucleus of every cell and the very bone marrow of your body. This allows PEMF and magnetic therapy to create the DEEPEST level of healing. This is NOT an opinion, this is physics!
C. LIGHT or electromagnetic waves are emitting as ACTUAL (not virtual) photons from an accelerating charges. This can be coherent in LEDs and Lasers (or ionized gases) or incoherent in most all other sources.
Interesting Light has a negligible force, a little but it is EXTREMELY small compared to the Electric and Magnetic forces. The pressure exerted by light is minuscule; it is measurable, but so tiny you won't do anything practical with it on a macroscopic level. At the level of the Sun and black hole accretion disks this force is VERY pronounced, but not at our everyday levels.
So Light has Very different properties than electricity and both have very different properties than magnetism. Even though they are all related by Maxwells Equations, they all have their OWN unique equations for describing the force... ie Coulombs law for electic fields, biot savart for magnetic and you need relativity for the pressure/force of photons.
Or to be more technical with respect to PEMF, the pure pulsating magnetic fields result from the velocity fields of solutions to Maxwell's Inhomogeneous wave equations. From the the radiation formula we see ONLY the acceleration fields RADIATE away in the form of Electromagnetic waves. You need to get up to higher frequencies to create sufficient induction in the electric field to create light. Low frequency PEMF devices are called quasistatic because they create pure pulsating magnetic "velocity fields" with very little acceleration fields.
You need frequencies OVER 10 Mhz to create any significant amount of radiation fields.
This is important because the PURE magnetic field is what deeply penetrates. Radiating photons get easily absorbed by the body in most frequency ranges.
We have come FULL circle and completed the cycle. This whole video is one big wave that repeated itself.
OK , now it is time to WAVE goodbye!!
But we will begin another Cycle of Learning Soon!
Most PEMF devices can be understood with basic Classical Electrodynamics. Though it is good to keep in my some of the fundamental quantum ideas we discussed pertaining to light.
OK , now it is time to WAVE goodbye!!
But we will begin another Cycle of Learning Soon!
Most PEMF devices can be understood with basic Classical Electrodynamics. Though it is good to keep in my some of the fundamental quantum ideas we discussed pertaining to light.
Poetic Ending To Coming Full Circle - The Enso (pictured above).
In the art of calligraphy, the circle is a brush stroke done in one movement. This circle, called enso is perhaps the most poignant image in Zen training for “coming full circle”, or enlightenment. The stroke is suggestive of flow, done with the brush held not too loose/not too tight. It is done in one movement and the stroke embodies both spontaneity and disciplined form.
The circle itself is not complete, yet at the same time it expresses totality and completeness. All that occurs in our life takes place within the fluid boundary of the enso. The empty space within the circle allows for all experience to arise. The incompleteness of the circle suggests that our lives are never complete and that the flow of our experiences are never final, never finite. We complete the empty circle by living, engaged in tasks and in relationships that have no finality. This no finality itself is infinite!
The circle is not perfect. The single sweep of ink is natural–done by hand– and so includes imperfections. The form of the stroke is inevitably imperfect, just as any form–bodies, ideas, plans, marriages–are inevitably imperfect. This imperfection is part of the design of the tea bowl used in Japanese tea ceremony. The bowl is beautiful if it has irregularities, aberrant marks, is rough-hewn and is made of inconsistent surfaces. We drink from the imperfect cup, the bowl that naturally is slightly out-of-balance. Yet at the same time the bowl, the enso, points to wholeness, however momentary. It points to the possibility of a moment, within the almost-full-circle, being complete, just as it is. The taste of the tea, the sound of the mourning dove, the bang of the recycling truck, occur within the empty circle. So the perfect and the imperfect are expressed together. Whatever arises is perfect just as it is, and imperfect just as it is. This is how we practice in the midst of the open circle.
To conclude this memorable concert program, Beethoven wanted a "brilliant Finale" that would unite in a single piece the different musical elements highlighted in the concert night: piano solo, chorus and orchestra
In the art of calligraphy, the circle is a brush stroke done in one movement. This circle, called enso is perhaps the most poignant image in Zen training for “coming full circle”, or enlightenment. The stroke is suggestive of flow, done with the brush held not too loose/not too tight. It is done in one movement and the stroke embodies both spontaneity and disciplined form.
The circle itself is not complete, yet at the same time it expresses totality and completeness. All that occurs in our life takes place within the fluid boundary of the enso. The empty space within the circle allows for all experience to arise. The incompleteness of the circle suggests that our lives are never complete and that the flow of our experiences are never final, never finite. We complete the empty circle by living, engaged in tasks and in relationships that have no finality. This no finality itself is infinite!
The circle is not perfect. The single sweep of ink is natural–done by hand– and so includes imperfections. The form of the stroke is inevitably imperfect, just as any form–bodies, ideas, plans, marriages–are inevitably imperfect. This imperfection is part of the design of the tea bowl used in Japanese tea ceremony. The bowl is beautiful if it has irregularities, aberrant marks, is rough-hewn and is made of inconsistent surfaces. We drink from the imperfect cup, the bowl that naturally is slightly out-of-balance. Yet at the same time the bowl, the enso, points to wholeness, however momentary. It points to the possibility of a moment, within the almost-full-circle, being complete, just as it is. The taste of the tea, the sound of the mourning dove, the bang of the recycling truck, occur within the empty circle. So the perfect and the imperfect are expressed together. Whatever arises is perfect just as it is, and imperfect just as it is. This is how we practice in the midst of the open circle.
To conclude this memorable concert program, Beethoven wanted a "brilliant Finale" that would unite in a single piece the different musical elements highlighted in the concert night: piano solo, chorus and orchestra
Intensity is related to the amplitude of the wave and is usually described in terms of Energy/unit area. Let's give an interesting example of Light intensity from our Sun.
Intensity Example
At the surface of the earth the sunlight brings roughly I = 1000 Watts/m^2. That is pretty amazing: Over the entire surface of the earth facing the sun, it is pumping in 1000 joules per square meter every second!! The sun is 93 million miles away emitting power in all directions and we lie on a sphere of radius 93 million miles and still 1000 W/m^2 is our share. You can imagine the enormous output of energy from the sun.
Intensity Example
At the surface of the earth the sunlight brings roughly I = 1000 Watts/m^2. That is pretty amazing: Over the entire surface of the earth facing the sun, it is pumping in 1000 joules per square meter every second!! The sun is 93 million miles away emitting power in all directions and we lie on a sphere of radius 93 million miles and still 1000 W/m^2 is our share. You can imagine the enormous output of energy from the sun.
ELF / Radio Waves
The broad category of radio waves is defined to contain any electromagnetic wave produced by currents in wires and circuits. Its name derives from their most common use as a carrier of audio information (i.e., radio). The name is applied to electromagnetic waves of similar frequencies regardless of source.
The broad category of radio waves is defined to contain any electromagnetic wave produced by currents in wires and circuits. Its name derives from their most common use as a carrier of audio information (i.e., radio). The name is applied to electromagnetic waves of similar frequencies regardless of source.
Extremely low frequency (ELF) radio waves of about 1 kHz are used to communicate with submerged submarines. The ability of radio waves to penetrate salt water is related to their wavelength (much like ultrasound penetrating tissue)—the longer the wavelength, the farther they penetrate. Since salt water is a good conductor, radio waves are strongly absorbed by it, and very long wavelengths are needed to reach a submarine under the surface.
Microwaves
Microwaves are the highest-frequency electromagnetic waves that can be produced by currents in macroscopic circuits and devices. Since they have high frequencies, their wavelengths are short compared with those of other radio waves—hence the name “microwave.”
Since it is possible to carry more information per unit time on high frequencies, microwaves are quite suitable for communications. Most satellite-transmitted information is carried on microwaves, as are land-based long-distance transmissions. A clear line of sight between transmitter and receiver is needed because of the short wavelengths involved.
Heating with Microwaves
How does the ubiquitous microwave oven produce microwaves electronically, and why does food absorb them preferentially? Microwaves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz are produced by accelerating electrons. The microwaves are then used to induce an alternating electric field in the oven. Unfortunately even though fast and convenient, IT IS NOT HEALTHY!!!
In my book I talk about the dangers of Microwave ovens and 4G and Now 5G networks which are also Microwave frequencies. More on this in Section 3, where I will have a video on electrosmog.
Microwaves are the highest-frequency electromagnetic waves that can be produced by currents in macroscopic circuits and devices. Since they have high frequencies, their wavelengths are short compared with those of other radio waves—hence the name “microwave.”
Since it is possible to carry more information per unit time on high frequencies, microwaves are quite suitable for communications. Most satellite-transmitted information is carried on microwaves, as are land-based long-distance transmissions. A clear line of sight between transmitter and receiver is needed because of the short wavelengths involved.
Heating with Microwaves
How does the ubiquitous microwave oven produce microwaves electronically, and why does food absorb them preferentially? Microwaves at a frequency of 2.45 GHz are produced by accelerating electrons. The microwaves are then used to induce an alternating electric field in the oven. Unfortunately even though fast and convenient, IT IS NOT HEALTHY!!!
In my book I talk about the dangers of Microwave ovens and 4G and Now 5G networks which are also Microwave frequencies. More on this in Section 3, where I will have a video on electrosmog.
Infrared radiation is generally produced by thermal motion and the vibration and rotation of atoms and molecules. Electronic transitions in atoms and molecules can also produce infrared radiation.
The range of infrared frequencies extends up to the lower limit of visible light, just below red. In fact, infrared means “below red.” Frequencies at its upper limit are too high to be produced by accelerating electrons in circuits, but small systems, such as atoms and molecules, can vibrate fast enough to produce these waves.
Water molecules rotate and vibrate particularly well at infrared frequencies, emitting and absorbing them so efficiently that the emissivity for skin is e = 0.97 in the infrared. Night-vision scopes can detect the infrared emitted by various warm objects, including humans, and convert it to visible light.
The range of infrared frequencies extends up to the lower limit of visible light, just below red. In fact, infrared means “below red.” Frequencies at its upper limit are too high to be produced by accelerating electrons in circuits, but small systems, such as atoms and molecules, can vibrate fast enough to produce these waves.
Water molecules rotate and vibrate particularly well at infrared frequencies, emitting and absorbing them so efficiently that the emissivity for skin is e = 0.97 in the infrared. Night-vision scopes can detect the infrared emitted by various warm objects, including humans, and convert it to visible light.
Visible Light
Visible light is the narrow segment of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the normal human eye responds. Visible light is produced by vibrations and rotations of atoms and molecules, as well as by electronic transitions within atoms and molecules. The receivers or detectors of light largely utilize electronic transitions. We say the atoms and molecules are excited when they absorb and relax when they emit through electronic transitions.
Visible light is the narrow segment of the electromagnetic spectrum to which the normal human eye responds. Visible light is produced by vibrations and rotations of atoms and molecules, as well as by electronic transitions within atoms and molecules. The receivers or detectors of light largely utilize electronic transitions. We say the atoms and molecules are excited when they absorb and relax when they emit through electronic transitions.
Ultraviolet Radiation
Ultraviolet means “above violet.” The electromagnetic frequencies of ultraviolet radiation (UV) extend upward from violet, the highest-frequency visible light. Ultraviolet is also produced by atomic and molecular motions and electronic transitions. The wavelengths of ultraviolet extend from 400 nm down to about 10 nm at its highest frequencies, which overlap with the lowest X-ray frequencies.
Solar UV radiation is broadly subdivided into three regions: UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-C (220–290 nm), ranked from long to shorter wavelengths (from smaller to larger energies). Most UV-B and all UV-C is absorbed by ozone (O3) molecules in the upper atmosphere. Consequently, 99% of the solar UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is UV-A.
Ultraviolet means “above violet.” The electromagnetic frequencies of ultraviolet radiation (UV) extend upward from violet, the highest-frequency visible light. Ultraviolet is also produced by atomic and molecular motions and electronic transitions. The wavelengths of ultraviolet extend from 400 nm down to about 10 nm at its highest frequencies, which overlap with the lowest X-ray frequencies.
Solar UV radiation is broadly subdivided into three regions: UV-A (320–400 nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-C (220–290 nm), ranked from long to shorter wavelengths (from smaller to larger energies). Most UV-B and all UV-C is absorbed by ozone (O3) molecules in the upper atmosphere. Consequently, 99% of the solar UV radiation reaching the Earth’s surface is UV-A.
X-RaysIn the 1850s, scientists (such as Faraday) began experimenting with high-voltage electrical discharges in tubes filled with rarefied gases. It was later found that these discharges created an invisible, penetrating form of very high frequency electromagnetic radiation. This radiation was called an X-ray, because its identity and nature were unknown.
The use of X-ray technology in medicine is called radiology—an established and relatively cheap tool in comparison to more sophisticated technologies. Consequently, X-rays are widely available and used extensively in medical diagnostics.
The use of X-ray technology in medicine is called radiology—an established and relatively cheap tool in comparison to more sophisticated technologies. Consequently, X-rays are widely available and used extensively in medical diagnostics.
Gamma Rays
Soon after nuclear radioactivity was first detected in 1896, it was found that at least three distinct types of radiation were being emitted. The most penetrating nuclear radiation was called a gamma ray (γ ray) (again a name given because its identity and character were unknown), and it was later found to be an extremely high frequency electromagnetic wave.
In fact, γ rays are any electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus. This can be from natural nuclear decay or induced nuclear processes in nuclear reactors and weapons. The lower end of the γ-ray frequency range overlaps the upper end of the X-ray range, but γ rays can have the highest frequency of any electromagnetic radiation.
Soon after nuclear radioactivity was first detected in 1896, it was found that at least three distinct types of radiation were being emitted. The most penetrating nuclear radiation was called a gamma ray (γ ray) (again a name given because its identity and character were unknown), and it was later found to be an extremely high frequency electromagnetic wave.
In fact, γ rays are any electromagnetic radiation emitted by a nucleus. This can be from natural nuclear decay or induced nuclear processes in nuclear reactors and weapons. The lower end of the γ-ray frequency range overlaps the upper end of the X-ray range, but γ rays can have the highest frequency of any electromagnetic radiation.
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Polarization
The electromagnetic wave is traverse. This just means the oscillation is in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. If you wiggle a taut string tied to a wall, the wiggle will move toward the wall with a displacement in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. So that too is a traverse wave. On the other hand sound waves are longitudinal. The air molecules set in motion (by my diaphragm when I speak move back and forth along the direction of the wave.
EM waves are traverse waves which means that the electric and magnetic fields change or oscillate in a plane that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation (and also note the electric and magnetic field in an EM wave are perpendicular to each other.
A perfectly polarized plane wave is hard to find. The light from the bulbs in our homes is a chaotic mixture of polarizations, frequencies and phases. Plane waves are an idealization. The light from a source goes out spherically but far from the center, it appears planar over small areas (like the earth seems flat in your area).
Because electric and magnetic fields change in a plane that is perpendicular to direction of wave propagation, the direction of change still has some freedom... Linearly and circularly polarized.
The electromagnetic wave is traverse. This just means the oscillation is in the plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. If you wiggle a taut string tied to a wall, the wiggle will move toward the wall with a displacement in a plane perpendicular to the direction of propagation. So that too is a traverse wave. On the other hand sound waves are longitudinal. The air molecules set in motion (by my diaphragm when I speak move back and forth along the direction of the wave.
EM waves are traverse waves which means that the electric and magnetic fields change or oscillate in a plane that is perpendicular to the direction of propagation (and also note the electric and magnetic field in an EM wave are perpendicular to each other.
A perfectly polarized plane wave is hard to find. The light from the bulbs in our homes is a chaotic mixture of polarizations, frequencies and phases. Plane waves are an idealization. The light from a source goes out spherically but far from the center, it appears planar over small areas (like the earth seems flat in your area).
Because electric and magnetic fields change in a plane that is perpendicular to direction of wave propagation, the direction of change still has some freedom... Linearly and circularly polarized.
Energy in the Electromagnetic Wave
Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes this energy is obvious, such as in the warmth of the summer sun. Other times it is subtle, such as the unfelt energy of gamma rays, which can destroy living cells.
Electromagnetic waves can bring energy into a system by virtue of their electric and magnetic fields.
These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them. If the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is the same as the natural frequencies of the system (such as microwaves at the resonant frequency of water molecules), the transfer of energy is much more efficient.
Anyone who has used a microwave oven knows there is energy in electromagnetic waves. Sometimes this energy is obvious, such as in the warmth of the summer sun. Other times it is subtle, such as the unfelt energy of gamma rays, which can destroy living cells.
Electromagnetic waves can bring energy into a system by virtue of their electric and magnetic fields.
These fields can exert forces and move charges in the system and, thus, do work on them. If the frequency of the electromagnetic wave is the same as the natural frequencies of the system (such as microwaves at the resonant frequency of water molecules), the transfer of energy is much more efficient.
A wave’s energy is proportional to its amplitude squared (E^2 or B^2). This is true for waves on guitar strings, for water waves, and for sound waves, where amplitude is proportional to pressure. In electromagnetic waves, the amplitude is the maximum field strength of the electric and magnetic fields.
Thus the energy carried and the intensity I of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to E^2 and B^2. In fact, for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, the average intensity Iave is given by
Iave=c*ϵ*E^2/2
where c is the speed of light, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, and E0 is the maximum electric field strength; intensity, as always, is power per unit area (here in W/m^2 = Watts per meter squared).
The average intensity of an electromagnetic wave Iave can also be expressed in terms of the magnetic field strength by using the relationship B=E/c
and the fact that ϵ=1/μ*c^2, where μ0 is the permeability of free space. Algebraic manipulation produces the relationship
Iave=c*B^2/2μ
where B is the maximum magnetic field strength.
One more expression for Iave in terms of both electric and magnetic field strengths is useful. Substituting the fact that c ⋅ B = E, the previous expression becomes
Iave=E*B/2μ0.
Whichever of the three preceding equations is most convenient can be used, since they are really just different versions of the same principle: Energy in a wave is related to amplitude squared. Furthermore, since these equations are based on the assumption that the electromagnetic waves are sinusoidal, peak intensity is twice the average; that is,
I = 2*Iave
Thus the energy carried and the intensity I of an electromagnetic wave is proportional to E^2 and B^2. In fact, for a continuous sinusoidal electromagnetic wave, the average intensity Iave is given by
Iave=c*ϵ*E^2/2
where c is the speed of light, ε0 is the permittivity of free space, and E0 is the maximum electric field strength; intensity, as always, is power per unit area (here in W/m^2 = Watts per meter squared).
The average intensity of an electromagnetic wave Iave can also be expressed in terms of the magnetic field strength by using the relationship B=E/c
and the fact that ϵ=1/μ*c^2, where μ0 is the permeability of free space. Algebraic manipulation produces the relationship
Iave=c*B^2/2μ
where B is the maximum magnetic field strength.
One more expression for Iave in terms of both electric and magnetic field strengths is useful. Substituting the fact that c ⋅ B = E, the previous expression becomes
Iave=E*B/2μ0.
Whichever of the three preceding equations is most convenient can be used, since they are really just different versions of the same principle: Energy in a wave is related to amplitude squared. Furthermore, since these equations are based on the assumption that the electromagnetic waves are sinusoidal, peak intensity is twice the average; that is,
I = 2*Iave
Light
An electromagnetic wave carries energy and momentum.
The average power per unit area is called the intensity of the wave.
The momentum per unit time (that is, force) per unit area is called the radiation pressure.
An electromagnetic wave carries energy and momentum.
The average power per unit area is called the intensity of the wave.
The momentum per unit time (that is, force) per unit area is called the radiation pressure.
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The intensity I, is defined to be watts per meter squared. That is energy per second per unit area. If you have a frame one meter by one meter and hold it perpendicular to the wave, I is the number of Joules crossing it per second. That's easily calculated from the energy density. The wave that passes my one meter^2 frame in one second occupies a volume of 1 * c * m^3 (where c is the speed of light). The the energy is u*c.
The Poynting vector gives the average intensity I and also the direction of propagation.
The Poynting vector gives the average intensity I and also the direction of propagation.
In the course of that work, Maxwell made a second sensational discovery concerning light. The phenomenon of light has been studied from the time of the Greeks, and after many experiments, two competing theories were advanced.
One maintained that light consists of tiny, invisible particles that move along rays, like a continuous series of minute shots fired from a gun.
The other theory claimed that light is a motion of waves propagating from a source.
Both Theories explain reflection, as from a mirror, and refraction, the change in the direction of light rays when passing from one medium to another, say from air to water.
However the diffraction of light - light bending around an obstacle - is more reasonably explained by a wave theory.
But if it WERE a wave, there must be a medium through which it propagates through space. This medium was given the name of ether.
This antenna is made up of two conducting rods, each attached to opposite ends of an AC generator. When the antenna is operating, the two rods switch between being positively charged and negatively charged, as the generator changes voltage. And when one rod is positively charged, the other is negatively charged and vice versa.
When the electric current travels up into the top of the rod, you can use the right hand rule, pointing your thumb in the direction of the current, to see how the magnetic field flows around the antenna. The electric fields generated by the antenna itself are easier to track, since they'll just go from the positive rod to the negative rod.
But as the direction of current switches, the direction of both the electric and magnetic fields change. And as the rods switch their charges, the waves generated by the initial charge distribution continue to propagate away from the antenna.
So if you were standing away from the antenna, you would be able to measure an electric and magnetic field that are both constantly changing. But what would that look like?
To grasp the effect of changing fields in motion, let's model an electromagnetic wave as it travels through 3-dimensional space.
NOTE: The dimensions of the antenna are critical for determining the frequency of the radiated electromagnetic waves. This is a resonant phenomenon and when we tune radios or TV, we vary electrical properties to achieve appropriate resonant conditions in the antenna.
An antenna for receiving EM signals works in reverse. And like antennas that produce EM waves, receiver antennas are specially designed to resonate at particular frequencies.
We will look at resonance in more detail in future modules.
When the electric current travels up into the top of the rod, you can use the right hand rule, pointing your thumb in the direction of the current, to see how the magnetic field flows around the antenna. The electric fields generated by the antenna itself are easier to track, since they'll just go from the positive rod to the negative rod.
But as the direction of current switches, the direction of both the electric and magnetic fields change. And as the rods switch their charges, the waves generated by the initial charge distribution continue to propagate away from the antenna.
So if you were standing away from the antenna, you would be able to measure an electric and magnetic field that are both constantly changing. But what would that look like?
To grasp the effect of changing fields in motion, let's model an electromagnetic wave as it travels through 3-dimensional space.
NOTE: The dimensions of the antenna are critical for determining the frequency of the radiated electromagnetic waves. This is a resonant phenomenon and when we tune radios or TV, we vary electrical properties to achieve appropriate resonant conditions in the antenna.
An antenna for receiving EM signals works in reverse. And like antennas that produce EM waves, receiver antennas are specially designed to resonate at particular frequencies.
We will look at resonance in more detail in future modules.
Electromagnetic Radiation and Light
So to summarize, The classical model of electricity and magnetism makes use of the ideas of electric and magnetic fields. Maxwell’s equations describe how these fields behave, and the Lorentz force equation, which describes how the fields push and pull charged particles and magnets.
A prediction of Maxwell’s equations is that there are waves in the electromagnetic field which travel at the speed of light. These waves were identified with light by the experiments of Hertz and others.
So to summarize, The classical model of electricity and magnetism makes use of the ideas of electric and magnetic fields. Maxwell’s equations describe how these fields behave, and the Lorentz force equation, which describes how the fields push and pull charged particles and magnets.
A prediction of Maxwell’s equations is that there are waves in the electromagnetic field which travel at the speed of light. These waves were identified with light by the experiments of Hertz and others.
When there is an electromagnetic wave in any region, there is stored energy there.
The energy stored in the electric and magnetic field is the same for capacitors and inductors as it is for EM waves in free space. The energy depends only on the field at any point, it does not matter what the source is. For example, it does not matter if E is produced by static charges or by a changing magnetic field. It is like saying that the kinetic energy of a soccer ball is 1/2mv^2, whether you got the velocity by rolling it down a hill or kicking it.
The magnetic force is much weaker than the electric force, BUT the energy densities are exactly the same.
Energy Density is time dependent and space dependent. Average value of sin^2 is 1/2 over a full cycle.
You can sit in one place and see the energy density average over a full cycle (period). OR you get the same answer if you average the energy over a full wavelength at a fixed time.
The energy stored in the electric and magnetic field is the same for capacitors and inductors as it is for EM waves in free space. The energy depends only on the field at any point, it does not matter what the source is. For example, it does not matter if E is produced by static charges or by a changing magnetic field. It is like saying that the kinetic energy of a soccer ball is 1/2mv^2, whether you got the velocity by rolling it down a hill or kicking it.
The magnetic force is much weaker than the electric force, BUT the energy densities are exactly the same.
Energy Density is time dependent and space dependent. Average value of sin^2 is 1/2 over a full cycle.
You can sit in one place and see the energy density average over a full cycle (period). OR you get the same answer if you average the energy over a full wavelength at a fixed time.
In order to calculate the energy carried by any electromagnetic wave, you need to know the magnitude of the electric and magnetic fields that compose that wave.
Specifically you use these magnitudes to calculate what's known as the energy density of each field, which is the amount of energy stored in the field per unit volume.
Then you can combine the energy density for both fields, solving for the total energy per unit volume within the wave overall.
Specifically you use these magnitudes to calculate what's known as the energy density of each field, which is the amount of energy stored in the field per unit volume.
Then you can combine the energy density for both fields, solving for the total energy per unit volume within the wave overall.
REMEMBER E/B = C
But since you know that strengths of the electric and magnetic fields are directly related, you can substitute the electric field magnitude for the magnetic field magnitude, and vice versa.
This lets you come up with the energy density terms that encapsulate the energy in both fields, with fewer variables.
So again, here's the calculation of the speed of light that Maxwell found, and the constants that it simplified down to.
C = E/B = 1/Sqrt(eo*uo)
You can take the energy density equation and substitute the magnetic field magnitude B, with the electric field, times the square root of the constants.
With this simplified energy density equation, you can then substitute the electric field magnitude for the speed of light and the magnetic field magnitude.
These equations give the energy density of an EM wave at any point during its propagation.
But since you know that strengths of the electric and magnetic fields are directly related, you can substitute the electric field magnitude for the magnetic field magnitude, and vice versa.
This lets you come up with the energy density terms that encapsulate the energy in both fields, with fewer variables.
So again, here's the calculation of the speed of light that Maxwell found, and the constants that it simplified down to.
C = E/B = 1/Sqrt(eo*uo)
You can take the energy density equation and substitute the magnetic field magnitude B, with the electric field, times the square root of the constants.
With this simplified energy density equation, you can then substitute the electric field magnitude for the speed of light and the magnetic field magnitude.
These equations give the energy density of an EM wave at any point during its propagation.
One last important measurement of delivering energy is intensity, which is the energy transported by a wave per unit time, per unit area.
Mathematically, the energy delivered is equal to the energy density times the volume of space in which the energy is transported over a period of time.
Mathematically, the energy delivered is equal to the energy density times the volume of space in which the energy is transported over a period of time.
You can then replace energy density with one of the simplified equations we used earlier.
So the volume of space encompassed by the wave is equal to the unit area times the distance travelled. After cancelling out like terms, you're left with an equation that tells you how much energy you have per unit area based on the strength of the electric field, which you can also replace with the magnetic field.
A lot of math, I know, but the vast knowledge of electromagnetism that we have today and the doors it has opened into the fields of relativity and quantum theory, are all based on the theories that Maxwell and his predecessors developed.
Albert Einstein praised Maxwell specifically for his contributions, but it was the combined effort of revolutionary minds like Gauss, Ampere, Faraday and Maxwell that we have to thank for our understanding of the interaction between electric and magnetic fields.
So the volume of space encompassed by the wave is equal to the unit area times the distance travelled. After cancelling out like terms, you're left with an equation that tells you how much energy you have per unit area based on the strength of the electric field, which you can also replace with the magnetic field.
A lot of math, I know, but the vast knowledge of electromagnetism that we have today and the doors it has opened into the fields of relativity and quantum theory, are all based on the theories that Maxwell and his predecessors developed.
Albert Einstein praised Maxwell specifically for his contributions, but it was the combined effort of revolutionary minds like Gauss, Ampere, Faraday and Maxwell that we have to thank for our understanding of the interaction between electric and magnetic fields.
Now in the absence of charges and currents, we find Electric and Magnetic fields can continuously reinforce and propagate one another. The WAVE equations come from setting the charge and current = 0.
A Changing Electric Field induces a magnetic field (something Faraday had to ADD to Ampere's law to account for CHANGING currents (like PEMF therapy!!).
ADD TO This Faradays' Law that a Changing Magnetic Field Induces an Electric field and you HAD the basis for how EM waves propagate in space (as we'll see).
WHICH than in turn creates a time varying electric field... (leads to 3D wave equations describing EM waves).
For the purpose of studying waves, let's focus on free space where both the charge (or charge density p) AND current (or current density j). That is Q = I = 0 (or p = j = 0).
In the static case that would mean no E or B as per Coulomb or Biot Savart because both fields drop off by 1/r2 or faster.
But we find that E and B can survive on their own, untethered from charges and currents. The reason electromagnetic waves can survive in a vacuum far from charges and currents is that once you've got E and B fields somewhere, they cannot just disappear due to the energy they contain. A change in one induces the other and it keeps going on forever or until it is absorbed.The E and B fields just keep going back and forth as we'll see.
Without charges and currents the Maxwell equations become very symmetric between E and B. Neither has a surface integral. And the line integral of one is proportional to the rate of change of flux of the other.
A Changing Electric Field induces a magnetic field (something Faraday had to ADD to Ampere's law to account for CHANGING currents (like PEMF therapy!!).
ADD TO This Faradays' Law that a Changing Magnetic Field Induces an Electric field and you HAD the basis for how EM waves propagate in space (as we'll see).
WHICH than in turn creates a time varying electric field... (leads to 3D wave equations describing EM waves).
For the purpose of studying waves, let's focus on free space where both the charge (or charge density p) AND current (or current density j). That is Q = I = 0 (or p = j = 0).
In the static case that would mean no E or B as per Coulomb or Biot Savart because both fields drop off by 1/r2 or faster.
But we find that E and B can survive on their own, untethered from charges and currents. The reason electromagnetic waves can survive in a vacuum far from charges and currents is that once you've got E and B fields somewhere, they cannot just disappear due to the energy they contain. A change in one induces the other and it keeps going on forever or until it is absorbed.The E and B fields just keep going back and forth as we'll see.
Without charges and currents the Maxwell equations become very symmetric between E and B. Neither has a surface integral. And the line integral of one is proportional to the rate of change of flux of the other.
Compare below to previous Maxwell's equations. All we have done is set p and J to zero (charge density and current density). So in free space WAVES CAN propagate because a changing electric field creates a changing magnetic field and in turn a changing magnetic field creates an electric field.
The equations above constitute a set of coupled first order differential equations for E and B. They can be decoupled by applying the curl to both equations on the right.
Now we have separate equations for E and B, but they are second order, which is the price you pay for decoupling them (this has to do with each E and B changing create each other (1st order), and how E and B change themselves in second order because its change of a change...
E -> B -> E -> B (first order)
E ->(B) -> E -> -> E (second order)
In a vacuum, each of the Cartesian Components of E and B satisfies the 3 dimensional wave equation traveling a speed v = 1/ root(eo*uo) ... SEE BELOW
The equations above constitute a set of coupled first order differential equations for E and B. They can be decoupled by applying the curl to both equations on the right.
Now we have separate equations for E and B, but they are second order, which is the price you pay for decoupling them (this has to do with each E and B changing create each other (1st order), and how E and B change themselves in second order because its change of a change...
E -> B -> E -> B (first order)
E ->(B) -> E -> -> E (second order)
In a vacuum, each of the Cartesian Components of E and B satisfies the 3 dimensional wave equation traveling a speed v = 1/ root(eo*uo) ... SEE BELOW
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Work into Above
Since changing electric fields create relatively weak magnetic fields, they could not be easily detected at the time of Maxwell’s hypothesis. Maxwell realized, however, that oscillating charges, like those in AC circuits, produce changing electric fields. He predicted that these changing fields would propagate from the source like waves generated on a lake by a jumping fish.
The waves predicted by Maxwell would consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields—defined to be an electromagnetic wave (EM wave). Electromagnetic waves would be capable of exerting forces on charges great distances from their source, and they might thus be detectable. Maxwell calculated that electromagnetic waves would propagate at a speed given by the equation
c=1√μ0ϵ0c
When the values for μ0 and ε0 are entered into the equation for c , we find that
c=1√(8.85×10−12C2N⋅m2)(4π×10−7T⋅mA)=3×10^8 m/s
which is the speed of light. In fact, Maxwell concluded that light is an electromagnetic wave having such wavelengths that it can be detected by the eye.
Other wavelengths should exist—it remained to be seen if they did. If so, Maxwell’s theory and remarkable predictions would be verified, the greatest triumph of physics since Newton. Experimental verification came within a few years, but not before Maxwell’s death.
Since changing electric fields create relatively weak magnetic fields, they could not be easily detected at the time of Maxwell’s hypothesis. Maxwell realized, however, that oscillating charges, like those in AC circuits, produce changing electric fields. He predicted that these changing fields would propagate from the source like waves generated on a lake by a jumping fish.
The waves predicted by Maxwell would consist of oscillating electric and magnetic fields—defined to be an electromagnetic wave (EM wave). Electromagnetic waves would be capable of exerting forces on charges great distances from their source, and they might thus be detectable. Maxwell calculated that electromagnetic waves would propagate at a speed given by the equation
c=1√μ0ϵ0c
When the values for μ0 and ε0 are entered into the equation for c , we find that
c=1√(8.85×10−12C2N⋅m2)(4π×10−7T⋅mA)=3×10^8 m/s
which is the speed of light. In fact, Maxwell concluded that light is an electromagnetic wave having such wavelengths that it can be detected by the eye.
Other wavelengths should exist—it remained to be seen if they did. If so, Maxwell’s theory and remarkable predictions would be verified, the greatest triumph of physics since Newton. Experimental verification came within a few years, but not before Maxwell’s death.