PEMF Coils the Speakers or Antenna of PEMF System
Would you buy cheap speakers with a great sound system? Similarly, if you were a radio station, would you buy a cheap Antenna to transmit your Broadcast?
Of Course NOT!!!
The Coils of a PEMF system are one of THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENTS and one of the components hardly ANYONE is talking about. As a physicist, I find this shocking.
So I am VERY motivated to share with you the REAL physics of PEMF coils AND WHY it is SO IMPORTANT!!
1) Gauge/Type of Wire used (solid copper, litz wire, tinsel wire, etc). Resistance increases with larger gauge (thinner wires).
2) Large Diameter perfectly circular geometry - Increases Flux in Webers, Increases Energy stored in Field, Increases Penetration depth (or Intensity Gradient). Not 1/r^2 as Biot Savart equation for coils DEPENDS on both diameter of the coil and vector distance from center.
3) Tightly Wound for pure B -field vs plastic tubing and spacing and mesh design.
4) Full body mat with 6 large coils ideally. Don't settle for cheap battery powered hand held pemf devices. Just like great stereos you don't just get ONE speaker, you need a full body mat with multiple coils to deliver pure pulsating magnetic fields to the ENTIRE BODY!
5) Local Applicators Pillow (two large coils) and Probe Pen (ferrous Core)
Anatomy of PEMF Coils
1. Wire Used - kind, quality and gauge
2. Circular Loops = Pure Magnetic Field (everything else IS NOT!)
3. Tightly Wound Coils vs Loosely Wound
4. Full Body Mat vs Small Local PEMF devices
5. Large vs Small Coil Diameters
6. Pancake or Solenoid Coil
7. Helmholtz Coils
Main Physics Principles in Faraday's Law (Review Module 6 of Real Physics of PEMF series.
Would you buy cheap speakers with a great sound system? Similarly, if you were a radio station, would you buy a cheap Antenna to transmit your Broadcast?
Of Course NOT!!!
The Coils of a PEMF system are one of THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENTS and one of the components hardly ANYONE is talking about. As a physicist, I find this shocking.
So I am VERY motivated to share with you the REAL physics of PEMF coils AND WHY it is SO IMPORTANT!!
1) Gauge/Type of Wire used (solid copper, litz wire, tinsel wire, etc). Resistance increases with larger gauge (thinner wires).
2) Large Diameter perfectly circular geometry - Increases Flux in Webers, Increases Energy stored in Field, Increases Penetration depth (or Intensity Gradient). Not 1/r^2 as Biot Savart equation for coils DEPENDS on both diameter of the coil and vector distance from center.
3) Tightly Wound for pure B -field vs plastic tubing and spacing and mesh design.
4) Full body mat with 6 large coils ideally. Don't settle for cheap battery powered hand held pemf devices. Just like great stereos you don't just get ONE speaker, you need a full body mat with multiple coils to deliver pure pulsating magnetic fields to the ENTIRE BODY!
5) Local Applicators Pillow (two large coils) and Probe Pen (ferrous Core)
Anatomy of PEMF Coils
1. Wire Used - kind, quality and gauge
2. Circular Loops = Pure Magnetic Field (everything else IS NOT!)
3. Tightly Wound Coils vs Loosely Wound
4. Full Body Mat vs Small Local PEMF devices
5. Large vs Small Coil Diameters
6. Pancake or Solenoid Coil
7. Helmholtz Coils
Main Physics Principles in Faraday's Law (Review Module 6 of Real Physics of PEMF series.

1) Importance of Magnetic Flux vs Magnetic Field Strength (Intensity) Alone. PEMF: Get a Full Body mat PEMF to cover whole body
2) Importance of Number of Turns or loops in the coil ("N" from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it has large tightly wound coils
3) Rapid Rise and Fall to give maximum induction dB/dT (ΔΦ/Δt from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it uses a rapid rise and fall signal like square wave or sawtooth
4) Why sine waves are not ideal (and not natural either).(ΔΦ/Δt from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it uses a rapid rise and fall signal like square wave or sawtooth
5) PEMF and how it induces EMF that charges in the body (E or EMF from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it uses biologically active frequencies 0-50 Hz (more on this in next module)
2) Importance of Number of Turns or loops in the coil ("N" from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it has large tightly wound coils
3) Rapid Rise and Fall to give maximum induction dB/dT (ΔΦ/Δt from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it uses a rapid rise and fall signal like square wave or sawtooth
4) Why sine waves are not ideal (and not natural either).(ΔΦ/Δt from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it uses a rapid rise and fall signal like square wave or sawtooth
5) PEMF and how it induces EMF that charges in the body (E or EMF from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it uses biologically active frequencies 0-50 Hz (more on this in next module)
1. Wire Used
Magnet wire is copper wire which has been coated (or enamelled) with a very thin layer of electrically insulating material – e.g. varnish. This means that it can safely be wound into coils as individual lengths of wire in each coil do not short-circuit one another where they touch. In order to make an electrical contact with magnet wire it is necessary to either scrape or burn off the coating to expose the copper wire inside.
Actually, to pass medical certification at the most recent compliance level, a manufacturer is obliged to use enameled copper wire in order to pass IEC and ROHS requirements. Please find attached the data sheet of our wire for your reference.
Why You do not want bare wire (and many PEMF companies use it).
I can tell our wires are not bare copper, just curious on the coating and source.
Seems to be Magnet Wire like image and description below.
Magnet wire is copper wire which has been coated (or enamelled) with a very thin layer of electrically insulating material – e.g. varnish. This means that it can safely be wound into coils as individual lengths of wire in each coil do not short-circuit one another where they touch. In order to make an electrical contact with magnet wire it is necessary to either scrape or burn off the coating to expose the copper wire inside.
Actually, to pass medical certification at the most recent compliance level, a manufacturer is obliged to use enameled copper wire in order to pass IEC and ROHS requirements. Please find attached the data sheet of our wire for your reference.
Why You do not want bare wire (and many PEMF companies use it).
I can tell our wires are not bare copper, just curious on the coating and source.
Seems to be Magnet Wire like image and description below.

can15-052863-01_ec_16041317_f.pdf |
Wire gauge is a measurement of wire diameter. This determines the amount of electric current a wire can safely carry, as well as its electrical resistance and weight.
As an example, I measured the iMRS 2000 wire gauge and found it to be just a hair under a mm diameter (about 19 gauge).
As an example, I measured the iMRS 2000 wire gauge and found it to be just a hair under a mm diameter (about 19 gauge).

Resistance, referred to as Impedance (effective resistance) in AC circuits, is the measurement of how much a conductor resists electrons.
Part of the resistance in a circuit is from the geometry of the wire itself, mainly the length and cross sectional area of the wire. The other part is the material's resistivity (conductors have a low resistivity, the best are Silver, Copper and Gold in that order).
Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity as it should be. Good conductors that have a small resistivity will have a LARGE conductivity which is a measure of how well electrons flow.
*This will have an important consequence in PEMF therapy devices as the "good" ones use copper wire. BUT cheaper PEMF companies use THIN wire which has a greater resistance, more heat loss and yields signal that is not clear.
Part of the resistance in a circuit is from the geometry of the wire itself, mainly the length and cross sectional area of the wire. The other part is the material's resistivity (conductors have a low resistivity, the best are Silver, Copper and Gold in that order).
Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistivity as it should be. Good conductors that have a small resistivity will have a LARGE conductivity which is a measure of how well electrons flow.
*This will have an important consequence in PEMF therapy devices as the "good" ones use copper wire. BUT cheaper PEMF companies use THIN wire which has a greater resistance, more heat loss and yields signal that is not clear.
2. Circular Loops = Pure Magnetic Field

Magnetism, at its root, arises from CURRENT LOOPS!
1) Electric currents in wires and current loops (dipoles). Earth's current is in essence a gigantic current loop (dynamo theory of earth's magnetic field).
2) Spin magnetic moments of elementary particles --> Gives rise to magnetic materials.
The magnetic properties of materials are mainly due to the magnetic moments of their atoms' orbiting electrons (little electrons orbiting nucleus (current LOOPS) all aligned in bar magnets!).
So ALMOST ALL MAGNETIC PHENOMENON ARE DUE TO PERFECTLY CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOPS!! This is VITALLY IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND IN RELATION TO PEMF DEVICES BECAUSE AS WE'LL SEE THE QUALITY OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCES DEPENDS ON THE QUALITY OF THE CURRENT LOOPS. If there are NO CURRENT LOOPS THERE IS NO PURE MAGNETIC FIELD OR PEMF FIELD!!
1) Electric currents in wires and current loops (dipoles). Earth's current is in essence a gigantic current loop (dynamo theory of earth's magnetic field).
2) Spin magnetic moments of elementary particles --> Gives rise to magnetic materials.
The magnetic properties of materials are mainly due to the magnetic moments of their atoms' orbiting electrons (little electrons orbiting nucleus (current LOOPS) all aligned in bar magnets!).
So ALMOST ALL MAGNETIC PHENOMENON ARE DUE TO PERFECTLY CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOPS!! This is VITALLY IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND IN RELATION TO PEMF DEVICES BECAUSE AS WE'LL SEE THE QUALITY OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCES DEPENDS ON THE QUALITY OF THE CURRENT LOOPS. If there are NO CURRENT LOOPS THERE IS NO PURE MAGNETIC FIELD OR PEMF FIELD!!
Devices BELOW ARE PEMF BECAUSE THEY USE CIRCULAR OR CLOSELY CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOPS. And because of that fact they create pure pulsating fields in the center of each coil.
NO, NOT PEMF
RIFE MACHINES ARE NOT TRUE PEMF. This Brand (PERL) Aggressively markets to the public they are PEMF. No it is NOT PEMF, it is a plasma non-contact RIFE machine using high frequency electromagnetic therapy device using RF (radio frequencies) and a gas plasma tube with some electric field therapy. - NOT CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOPS, NO MAGNETS MEANS NOT PURE MAGNETIC FIELD.
RIFE MACHINES ARE NOT TRUE PEMF. This Brand (PERL) Aggressively markets to the public they are PEMF. No it is NOT PEMF, it is a plasma non-contact RIFE machine using high frequency electromagnetic therapy device using RF (radio frequencies) and a gas plasma tube with some electric field therapy. - NOT CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOPS, NO MAGNETS MEANS NOT PURE MAGNETIC FIELD.
Wacky Windings of copper other than perfectly circular loops DO NOT produce a pure pulsating magnetic field. David Serada and his company makes outlandish and EXTREMELY unscientific claims about their device being the best PEMF device.
Remotely, it resembles an attempt to make a FRACTAL antenna. I have a model of a 3rd or 4th order fractal in my NEC/4 antenna software. I was going to build one, but got squirrelled with life.
The excessive number of crossovers of the conductor will not allow a field be developed. I’m looking into scalar energy, but I don’t think that will rescue this, only smoking dope and burning some pajouli insence will provide the insight. The psychosomatic effect may be really good.
Just remember they have to demonstrate frequency, waveform, amplitude.
Remotely, it resembles an attempt to make a FRACTAL antenna. I have a model of a 3rd or 4th order fractal in my NEC/4 antenna software. I was going to build one, but got squirrelled with life.
The excessive number of crossovers of the conductor will not allow a field be developed. I’m looking into scalar energy, but I don’t think that will rescue this, only smoking dope and burning some pajouli insence will provide the insight. The psychosomatic effect may be really good.
Just remember they have to demonstrate frequency, waveform, amplitude.

infrared Mats with Cheap Electromagnetic pulsers are NOT TRUE PEMF. They are NOT PEMF. More like a Biomat, but not even as good as quality infrared mats. And in my opinion, you are BETTER with an infrared Sauna than a mat.
David Wong Qi Coil -
1) Does NOT USE A GOOD COIL For PEMF field to develop in Space
It looks like one of those Hindu magic designs.
If we are trying to generate a magnetic field instead of generating inductive reactance and ohmic resistance. The coil has to proceed in space to develop the field. This antenna” is not doing that, it is a cluster wound inductor.
2) Plug into your Phone? That is a bad idea for electrosmog
I would NOT recommend. Save your money for a good full body mat PEMF device.
1) Does NOT USE A GOOD COIL For PEMF field to develop in Space
It looks like one of those Hindu magic designs.
If we are trying to generate a magnetic field instead of generating inductive reactance and ohmic resistance. The coil has to proceed in space to develop the field. This antenna” is not doing that, it is a cluster wound inductor.
2) Plug into your Phone? That is a bad idea for electrosmog
I would NOT recommend. Save your money for a good full body mat PEMF device.
3. Tightly Wound Coils Vs Loosely Wound
Below is an image of a loosely wound vs tightly wound solenoid.
There is NO QUESTION the B-field (or H-field) will be stronger, more cohesive, more coherent in a tightly wound solenoid vs a loosely wound solenoid.
Below is an image of a loosely wound vs tightly wound solenoid.
There is NO QUESTION the B-field (or H-field) will be stronger, more cohesive, more coherent in a tightly wound solenoid vs a loosely wound solenoid.

Here is an analogy I came up with... Water Bucket.
The water flowing in the bucket is analogous to the current, the HOLES with the water leaking out is analogous to the magnetic flux lines "leaking" out.
Note in image below with loosely wound solenoid that the field lines DO leak out and wrap around the individual turns, INSTEAD of reinforcing the collective magnetic flux lines in the center of the solenoid. Of course it does reinforce it some, but for a GIVEN CURRENT, and a given number of windings, same copper, etc, the B-field (or H-field) of the tightly wound solenoid will have a stronger Magnetic Flux (more flux lines and MORE COHESIVE flux lines).
The water flowing in the bucket is analogous to the current, the HOLES with the water leaking out is analogous to the magnetic flux lines "leaking" out.
Note in image below with loosely wound solenoid that the field lines DO leak out and wrap around the individual turns, INSTEAD of reinforcing the collective magnetic flux lines in the center of the solenoid. Of course it does reinforce it some, but for a GIVEN CURRENT, and a given number of windings, same copper, etc, the B-field (or H-field) of the tightly wound solenoid will have a stronger Magnetic Flux (more flux lines and MORE COHESIVE flux lines).

The QRS 101 (and Medithera and others on the market) have spacing in their pancake coils which IS a loosely wound solenoid (pancake coil geometry).
On top of that ONLY a perfectly circular current loops exactly mimics a pure magnetic field so even IF the QRS used tightly wound oval windings it would STILL not be a perfect magnetic field because of assymetry. Quasimagnetic field YES, and very close, but still not ideal.
This is PHYSICS! You just cannot argue the facts!
On top of that ONLY a perfectly circular current loops exactly mimics a pure magnetic field so even IF the QRS used tightly wound oval windings it would STILL not be a perfect magnetic field because of assymetry. Quasimagnetic field YES, and very close, but still not ideal.
This is PHYSICS! You just cannot argue the facts!
How a Magnetic Field is Generated in a PEMF Device
Electrical currents passed through conductive wire produce magnetic fields by Ampere's Law. Current LOOPS have the special property of MIMICKING perfected a PURE Magnetic Field. There is NO substitute for perfectly circular tightly wound coils!!
Additionally the RADIUS of the Coil and Intensity of the Electrical Current and Number of Windings are all part of the Bio Savart Equation. As we'll see in the Next section THE MOST important parameter with regards to Intensity is the Radius of the COILS used along with the surface magnetic field intensity. Most PEMF companies ONLY tell you the surface intensity. THIS IS INCREDIBLY misleading!!! As we'll illustrate below.
Electrical currents passed through conductive wire produce magnetic fields by Ampere's Law. Current LOOPS have the special property of MIMICKING perfected a PURE Magnetic Field. There is NO substitute for perfectly circular tightly wound coils!!
Additionally the RADIUS of the Coil and Intensity of the Electrical Current and Number of Windings are all part of the Bio Savart Equation. As we'll see in the Next section THE MOST important parameter with regards to Intensity is the Radius of the COILS used along with the surface magnetic field intensity. Most PEMF companies ONLY tell you the surface intensity. THIS IS INCREDIBLY misleading!!! As we'll illustrate below.
The Coils in a PEMF System Are Like the Speakers in a Sound System
Would you buy an expensive Stereo and Use Cheap Speakers? Of course not, but sadly many cheap and even high end PEMF devices use Subpar Coils that do NOT give a pure signal!!
PEMF and Resonance/Charge Separation - Key, Match Frequency in Mat WITH Frequencies in Body Tissues and Cells.
Since all of the tissues in the body, particularly the brain, have their own fundamental frequencies, outside frequencies applied to the body can cause or "tune" the body's frequencies to be synchronized with the externally applied frequencies.
So a low intensity PEMF signal can cause a BIG effect if PEMF energy resonants with the cells, tissues, brain or organism.
This works EXACTLY like the wireless energy transfer, in fact, PEMF IS WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER FOR THE HUMAN BODY. Remember Wireless Energy Transfer Devices use perfectly circular, tightly wound LOOPS of AC current - Like the Best PEMF Devices
Would you buy an expensive Stereo and Use Cheap Speakers? Of course not, but sadly many cheap and even high end PEMF devices use Subpar Coils that do NOT give a pure signal!!
PEMF and Resonance/Charge Separation - Key, Match Frequency in Mat WITH Frequencies in Body Tissues and Cells.
Since all of the tissues in the body, particularly the brain, have their own fundamental frequencies, outside frequencies applied to the body can cause or "tune" the body's frequencies to be synchronized with the externally applied frequencies.
So a low intensity PEMF signal can cause a BIG effect if PEMF energy resonants with the cells, tissues, brain or organism.
This works EXACTLY like the wireless energy transfer, in fact, PEMF IS WIRELESS ENERGY TRANSFER FOR THE HUMAN BODY. Remember Wireless Energy Transfer Devices use perfectly circular, tightly wound LOOPS of AC current - Like the Best PEMF Devices
4. Full Body Mat vs Small Local PEMF devices and Small Coils
Why you need a Full Body Mat with Pure Copper Coils

FULL BODY MAT
When shopping for an earth based PEMF device, it is ESSENTIAL that you get a unit with a FULL BODY MAT.
There are many cheap portable and handheld devices that meet almost none of the criteria listed in this chapter such as they use the wrong intensities, frequencies and waveforms. But most importantly, they lack a full body application. To really tap into the benefits of daily PEMF therapy, you want to take a full body mat application or session twice a day for 8 minutes. This completely re-energizes the entire body and promotes a strong and coherent body-field to strengthen your health.
Cheap portable devices only able to get one spot and really miss the boat on the holistic benefits of treating the entire body first. Once the body’s cells are charged and circulation is enhanced THEN and only then will you use local applicators to treat specific areas. And ALL full body mat devices on the market have local applicators.
GRADUATED INTENSITY
Make sure to get a full body mat with pairs of pure copper, tightly wound circular coils for upper, middle and lower body with a decreasing magnetic flux from the head towards the feet. What this means is that you want ideally 3 pairs of coils (6 total), one pair for the head and neck, another for the torso and hips, and lastly one for and legs and feet.
The coils toward the upper body should have a lower intensity (lower intensity = lower magnetic flux = smaller number of turns in coil) and the coils toward the feet should have a greater intensity (magnetic flux). This is very important because the legs and feet can handle a much higher intensity than the head and neck (which are the most sensitive area). When walking on the earth the feet naturally experience a slightly higher intensity especially when in contact with the ground. But even more important for people that are chemically sensitive or electrosensitive is that the head and neck/thyroid can be easily over-stimulated and irritated.
When shopping for an earth based PEMF device, it is ESSENTIAL that you get a unit with a FULL BODY MAT.
There are many cheap portable and handheld devices that meet almost none of the criteria listed in this chapter such as they use the wrong intensities, frequencies and waveforms. But most importantly, they lack a full body application. To really tap into the benefits of daily PEMF therapy, you want to take a full body mat application or session twice a day for 8 minutes. This completely re-energizes the entire body and promotes a strong and coherent body-field to strengthen your health.
Cheap portable devices only able to get one spot and really miss the boat on the holistic benefits of treating the entire body first. Once the body’s cells are charged and circulation is enhanced THEN and only then will you use local applicators to treat specific areas. And ALL full body mat devices on the market have local applicators.
GRADUATED INTENSITY
Make sure to get a full body mat with pairs of pure copper, tightly wound circular coils for upper, middle and lower body with a decreasing magnetic flux from the head towards the feet. What this means is that you want ideally 3 pairs of coils (6 total), one pair for the head and neck, another for the torso and hips, and lastly one for and legs and feet.
The coils toward the upper body should have a lower intensity (lower intensity = lower magnetic flux = smaller number of turns in coil) and the coils toward the feet should have a greater intensity (magnetic flux). This is very important because the legs and feet can handle a much higher intensity than the head and neck (which are the most sensitive area). When walking on the earth the feet naturally experience a slightly higher intensity especially when in contact with the ground. But even more important for people that are chemically sensitive or electrosensitive is that the head and neck/thyroid can be easily over-stimulated and irritated.

Magnetic Flux like electric flux is a scalar quantity, and in the magnetic case it has a special name - "WEBERS", which is abbreviated Wb and which has units T* m^2 (magnetic field times area).
In PEMF therapy, the Magnetic Flux HEAVILY depends on the area of the Coil. You have to integrate the magnetic field OVER THE ENTIRE AREA. Therefore larger coils have and exponentially LARGER flux as you increase the radius than smaller coils. Why because Area = pi*r^2. If you double the radius, the flux increases 4-fold. Quadruple the radius and it increases 16-fold.
In this image shown, the OMI pad has small little coils. The iMRS pillow applicator has coils that are 11x longer in radius. Therefore EVEN WITH THE SAME INTENSITY AT THE SURFACE, the Magnetic FLUX in webers of the iMRS 2000 is 121 times LARGER!!!
Lets use 20 uT (.00002 Tesla) which is reported intensity on the OMI pad. The iMRS 2000 on level 100 has about this intensity at the surface.
The magnetic flux of the OMI Pad is therefore .00002 Tesla*.02^2*pi = .0063 uWb (Tesla*m^2).
The magnetic flux of the iMRS 2000 pillow is .76 uW or 121 TIMES STRONGER.
Do you see how it is so easy to mislead with intensity ALONE??!!
In PEMF therapy, the Magnetic Flux HEAVILY depends on the area of the Coil. You have to integrate the magnetic field OVER THE ENTIRE AREA. Therefore larger coils have and exponentially LARGER flux as you increase the radius than smaller coils. Why because Area = pi*r^2. If you double the radius, the flux increases 4-fold. Quadruple the radius and it increases 16-fold.
In this image shown, the OMI pad has small little coils. The iMRS pillow applicator has coils that are 11x longer in radius. Therefore EVEN WITH THE SAME INTENSITY AT THE SURFACE, the Magnetic FLUX in webers of the iMRS 2000 is 121 times LARGER!!!
Lets use 20 uT (.00002 Tesla) which is reported intensity on the OMI pad. The iMRS 2000 on level 100 has about this intensity at the surface.
The magnetic flux of the OMI Pad is therefore .00002 Tesla*.02^2*pi = .0063 uWb (Tesla*m^2).
The magnetic flux of the iMRS 2000 pillow is .76 uW or 121 TIMES STRONGER.
Do you see how it is so easy to mislead with intensity ALONE??!!

A NOTE ABOUT PENETRATION DEPTH - Technical Scientific/ Engineering Term
Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material falls to 1/e (about 37%) of its original value at (or more properly, just beneath) the surface.
In other words, the penetration depth is technically definted as the depth that a light penetrates a specific type of substance where it loses 63% of its overall intensity at the surface. (Note: most full body mat PEMF devices you lay directly on the mat so the starting intensity is effectively the manufacturer listed intensity.
Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material falls to 1/e (about 37%) of its original value at (or more properly, just beneath) the surface.
In other words, the penetration depth is technically definted as the depth that a light penetrates a specific type of substance where it loses 63% of its overall intensity at the surface. (Note: most full body mat PEMF devices you lay directly on the mat so the starting intensity is effectively the manufacturer listed intensity.

As we'll see in frequency section, intensity is MUCH LESS important for PEMF than Red Light/LED/Laser therapy and other forms of energy medicine that have to deal with.
All we need to know to calculate the penetration depth or intensity gradient is:
1) The BioSavart Law (Correct Equation)
2) the diameter of the coil,
3) and the intensity at the surface/source.
The actual forces in both electrostatics and magnetostatics depend on the charge and current arrangements.
A few examples
1) Point or sphere of charge is a 1/r2 dropoff (no equivalent in magnetostatics or PEMF).
2) Infinite (or long) Line of Charge AND a line of current are both 1/r dropoffs
3) Infinite plane of charge or current never drop off (always the same)
4) RING of Charge and a RING of current (ABOVE) are in Inverse 3/2 dropoff (NOT A 1/r2!!). We'll explore this later as TRUE PEMF devices use a ring of charge.
The current loop is so fundamental to magnetism that even at the atomic magnetic fields are produces by little current loops. (flat coil)
5) Infinite Solenoid also important. The magnetic field is uo*n*I inside the solenoid and ZERO outside... (tower of coil).
NOTE: Pure Magnetic field is MAINLY in the center of the current loops ... NOT MUCH OUTSIDE. A true PEMF device should have large PURE copper coil loops to apply to whole body along with local applicators. In each case center of loop should be placed on the Spot!
All we need to know to calculate the penetration depth or intensity gradient is:
1) The BioSavart Law (Correct Equation)
2) the diameter of the coil,
3) and the intensity at the surface/source.
The actual forces in both electrostatics and magnetostatics depend on the charge and current arrangements.
A few examples
1) Point or sphere of charge is a 1/r2 dropoff (no equivalent in magnetostatics or PEMF).
2) Infinite (or long) Line of Charge AND a line of current are both 1/r dropoffs
3) Infinite plane of charge or current never drop off (always the same)
4) RING of Charge and a RING of current (ABOVE) are in Inverse 3/2 dropoff (NOT A 1/r2!!). We'll explore this later as TRUE PEMF devices use a ring of charge.
The current loop is so fundamental to magnetism that even at the atomic magnetic fields are produces by little current loops. (flat coil)
5) Infinite Solenoid also important. The magnetic field is uo*n*I inside the solenoid and ZERO outside... (tower of coil).
NOTE: Pure Magnetic field is MAINLY in the center of the current loops ... NOT MUCH OUTSIDE. A true PEMF device should have large PURE copper coil loops to apply to whole body along with local applicators. In each case center of loop should be placed on the Spot!
Example Case (w/Calculations) - OMI Pad vs IMRS 2000 Pillow pad.
To Illustrate the Bio Savart Law Lets Use the OMI and IMRS 2000 PIllow as an example, as it VERY DRAMATICALLY shows the difference in intensity above the surface depends LARGELY on the radius of the coils.
Below right is a picture of both imrs and OMI coils from dissecting the respective mats. The OMI uses cheap thin copper but we'll ignore that for now. The OMI PAD intensity is rated at 15-20 uT at the surface. If we use the 100 intensity on iMRS 2000 pillow, we can duplicate the surface intensity of the OMI.
Using the Biot Savart Law to find the distance Z above the mat a given dropoff percentage is reached we arrive at the equation Z = R√(K-1) where K = C^(-2/3). C is percentage of dropoff. So in table below it is the first column.
Z = R√(K-1)
Note: You can also solve for R, but calculations easier solving for Z.
To Illustrate the Bio Savart Law Lets Use the OMI and IMRS 2000 PIllow as an example, as it VERY DRAMATICALLY shows the difference in intensity above the surface depends LARGELY on the radius of the coils.
Below right is a picture of both imrs and OMI coils from dissecting the respective mats. The OMI uses cheap thin copper but we'll ignore that for now. The OMI PAD intensity is rated at 15-20 uT at the surface. If we use the 100 intensity on iMRS 2000 pillow, we can duplicate the surface intensity of the OMI.
Using the Biot Savart Law to find the distance Z above the mat a given dropoff percentage is reached we arrive at the equation Z = R√(K-1) where K = C^(-2/3). C is percentage of dropoff. So in table below it is the first column.
Z = R√(K-1)
Note: You can also solve for R, but calculations easier solving for Z.

From the calculations it is PAINFULLY obvious a 1/r^2 equation DOES NOT WORK for magnetic field intensity because the intensity of the coils depends HEAVILY on the radius of the coil. In fact, it is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL!!!
The iMRS Pillow pad coil is 22cm compared to the cheap tiny OMI coils that are only 2cm.
So the Radius is 11cm compared to 1 cm.
What this means using the correct equation for magnetic field dropoff, is that EVEN if you start the iMRS 2000 pillow and OMI at the SAME intensity, the IMRS 2000 will be 11 times stronger than the OMI at a distance Z above the axis along the center of the coil.
The reason for this is you need a STRONGER current in a larger diameter coil than a smaller diameter coil to produce the same intensity in the center. How much stronger? Well it is proportional to the Radius!
Here is the fundamental flaw with using a 1/r^2 law to calculate magnetic fields
1) There are no magnetic monopoles (or point sources for magnetic fields)
2) The correct equation is the Biot Savart Law which depends on BOTH distance and Radius of source coil.
1/r^2 Coulombs law and Newtons law of gravity depend ONLY on the distance because the sources for the field are assumed to be point charges or point center of mass.
3) And finally magnetic fields ALWAYS have a North and South pole so they approximate an electric dipole at LARGE distances as Z---> infinity. Point charges and masses do not have to come in plus/minus pairs (though in the case of an electric dipole, they do!!
As we see in the Frequency Section, the New Science of Wireless Energy Transfer is ALL ABOUT the frequency and diameter of coils, NOT INTENSITY!!
Finally technology is proving what I have been saying all along!!
COILS
(windings, diameter, thickness, # coils, how tightly wound)
The iMRS Pillow pad coil is 22cm compared to the cheap tiny OMI coils that are only 2cm.
So the Radius is 11cm compared to 1 cm.
What this means using the correct equation for magnetic field dropoff, is that EVEN if you start the iMRS 2000 pillow and OMI at the SAME intensity, the IMRS 2000 will be 11 times stronger than the OMI at a distance Z above the axis along the center of the coil.
The reason for this is you need a STRONGER current in a larger diameter coil than a smaller diameter coil to produce the same intensity in the center. How much stronger? Well it is proportional to the Radius!
Here is the fundamental flaw with using a 1/r^2 law to calculate magnetic fields
1) There are no magnetic monopoles (or point sources for magnetic fields)
2) The correct equation is the Biot Savart Law which depends on BOTH distance and Radius of source coil.
1/r^2 Coulombs law and Newtons law of gravity depend ONLY on the distance because the sources for the field are assumed to be point charges or point center of mass.
3) And finally magnetic fields ALWAYS have a North and South pole so they approximate an electric dipole at LARGE distances as Z---> infinity. Point charges and masses do not have to come in plus/minus pairs (though in the case of an electric dipole, they do!!
As we see in the Frequency Section, the New Science of Wireless Energy Transfer is ALL ABOUT the frequency and diameter of coils, NOT INTENSITY!!
Finally technology is proving what I have been saying all along!!
COILS
(windings, diameter, thickness, # coils, how tightly wound)

The situation is more complex for ferromagnetic materials for which the permeability depends on the applied magnetic field. These values range from several hundred for nickel and cobalt and over 5000 for reasonably pure iron. As we'll see later, the inductance of a long solenoid is given by the expression
L = μr*NumberTurns^2*Area/length
Adding an iron core means ur is 5000 which increases the inductance by 5000 FOLD.
PEMF Note: Only a couple PEMF devices on the market use a probe or pen applicator with a iron core. The iMRS 2000 probe is one of them (and in my opinion the best)!
L = μr*NumberTurns^2*Area/length
Adding an iron core means ur is 5000 which increases the inductance by 5000 FOLD.
PEMF Note: Only a couple PEMF devices on the market use a probe or pen applicator with a iron core. The iMRS 2000 probe is one of them (and in my opinion the best)!

Review - Self Inductance
A changing current not only induces an emf in any nearby loop, it also induces an emf in the source loop itself. And once again the field (and therefore the flux) is proportional to the current. The EMF is the rate of change of flux linking with the coil due to its own current.
Flux = L*I
E = -d(flux)/dt = -Ldi/dt
Inductance is an intrinsically positive quantity. Lenz's law which is enforced by the minus sign dictates that the emf is in such a direction as to oppose any change in current. For this reason it is called a BACK EMF. Whenever you try to alter the current in a wire, you must fight against this back EMF.
Inductance plays a similar role in electric circuits as mass plays in mechanical systems.
A changing current not only induces an emf in any nearby loop, it also induces an emf in the source loop itself. And once again the field (and therefore the flux) is proportional to the current. The EMF is the rate of change of flux linking with the coil due to its own current.
Flux = L*I
E = -d(flux)/dt = -Ldi/dt
Inductance is an intrinsically positive quantity. Lenz's law which is enforced by the minus sign dictates that the emf is in such a direction as to oppose any change in current. For this reason it is called a BACK EMF. Whenever you try to alter the current in a wire, you must fight against this back EMF.
Inductance plays a similar role in electric circuits as mass plays in mechanical systems.
The LARGER THE L (Inductance) is, the harder it is to change the current (electric energy), just as the larger the mass, the harder it is to change an objects velocity (kinetic energy).
Also the Larger the L, the MORE energy there is in the field surrounding the coils.
iMRS 2000 coils and probe have MAXIMAL N (number of turns) per unit Length because they are TIGHTLY wound.
To create a larger L with Coils in a PEMF mat means to make the coils MORE tightly wound, more turns and larger diameter. For a given current, the iMRS 2000 coils will have MORE inductance than Bemer which means MORE energy in the magnetic field.
Also the Larger the L, the MORE energy there is in the field surrounding the coils.
iMRS 2000 coils and probe have MAXIMAL N (number of turns) per unit Length because they are TIGHTLY wound.
To create a larger L with Coils in a PEMF mat means to make the coils MORE tightly wound, more turns and larger diameter. For a given current, the iMRS 2000 coils will have MORE inductance than Bemer which means MORE energy in the magnetic field.

Energy Stored in a Magnetic Field
It takes a certain amount of energy to get a current going in a circuit. The work done is against the back EMF and it is Recoverable unlike the heat lost in a resistor.
U = 1/2LI^2
(U is the energy, L the inductance and I is the current).
It does not depend on how long we take to crank up the current, only on the geometry of the loop (in the Form of L) and the final current I.
Another way to look at it is that the energy is STORED in the field itself in the amount U = B^2/2μo.
When you change the current in an inductor it is going to fight it. But it is not like a resistor. I resister fights any current. An inductor only fights the change in current.
Also unlike a resistor that loses all the energy to heat (light a lightbulb), the energy in the conductor is stored (like a capacitor) and can be used as energy. (Having thinner wires increases resistance which means more energy is lost as heat and LESS energy is available for the coils to deliver as stored magnetic energy in the field around the coil/inductor.
(the inductor is the solenoid or coil).
So you can look at the energy in two ways
1) The energy is stored in the current distribution (particle - electron)
2) The energy is stored in the field itself. (wave - field)
The distinction is one of bookkeeping, as the important quantity is the total energy.
Note: The Time Dependent Flux of a Solenoid may not be confined to the Solenoid - it can leak out to the sides and indeed has to leave the Solenoid during the return from North to South Pole (like the image below right).
By using an iron core inside the solenoid like the iMRS 2000 uses on its probe, you can trap all the magnetic flux iron core AND increase the field strength up to several hundred times. BEMER B-SPOT has no iron core and ONLY three Windings!! IMRS 2000 Probe is HUNDREDS OF TIME BETTER BASED ON THE PHYSICS ALONE!! Stronger and more penetrating field, More magnetic energy and MORE focused BEAM / or field of magnetic energy. This is PHYSICS NOT HYPE!
Cheap Handheld PEMF devices with Small Coils.
It is just a different level of treatment, like a small battery powered fan blow little bursts of wind to a larger powerful dyson fan that blows a powerful jet stream of air. (fan that I have - bladeless and wonderful).
This is a good analogy because magnetic flux is like water or air movement.
Bigger and more coils means more magnetic "Wind" energizing your body.
Small portable PEMFs with little coils and using batteries is very much like this.
You need a full body mat device and local applicators with larger and more powerful coils.
This is a good visual to show the reason the prices are different.
Dyson fans start at like $300, while battery powered small fans you can get for $10.
It is actually a good analogy because like I mentioned magnetic flux is a measure of the flow of the magnetic field... Larger coils and more "juice" (plugging into wall gives much more power) equals a larger and more powerful magnetic field flow.
It is just a different level of treatment, like a small battery powered fan blow little bursts of wind to a larger powerful dyson fan that blows a powerful jet stream of air. (fan that I have - bladeless and wonderful).
This is a good analogy because magnetic flux is like water or air movement.
Bigger and more coils means more magnetic "Wind" energizing your body.
Small portable PEMFs with little coils and using batteries is very much like this.
You need a full body mat device and local applicators with larger and more powerful coils.
This is a good visual to show the reason the prices are different.
Dyson fans start at like $300, while battery powered small fans you can get for $10.
It is actually a good analogy because like I mentioned magnetic flux is a measure of the flow of the magnetic field... Larger coils and more "juice" (plugging into wall gives much more power) equals a larger and more powerful magnetic field flow.
Helmholtz and Anti Helmholtz Coils
Helmholz create a uniform magnetic field.
Helmholtz coils are a pair of circular coils connected in series that creates a uniform magnetic field between the coils so there is NO LOSS in intensity through both sides. And the Omnispot goes up to 120 uT which is a UNIFORM intensity with no loss in power. Includes the NASA square wave for powerful pain relief, healing and Regeneration.
Helmholtz coils are a pair of circular coils connected in series that creates a uniform magnetic field between the coils so there is NO LOSS in intensity through both sides. And the Omnispot goes up to 120 uT which is a UNIFORM intensity with no loss in power. Includes the NASA square wave for powerful pain relief, healing and Regeneration.
BEMER B-PAD - Anti Helmholtz when WRAPPED AROUND - COILS OPPOSE EACH OTHER. Better to Use B-PAD laying flat.
The BEMER B.pad has 3-5 square coils that are all wound in the same direction.
Firstly, SQUARE IS NOT AN IDEAL winding geometry as only circular current loops produce a pure pulsating magnetic field.
Secondly BEMER tells people that they can wrap the B-pad around different areas but THIS produces opposing fields??
At least the BEMER full body mat had circularly wound coils, but the B.pad will give you a very spread out field that is not exactly a pure pulsating magnetic field.
PROBLEM WITH BEMER B-PAD! You do NOT want to wrap it around anything... WHY?
Because then the coils in the B-PAD FACE each other and cancel out.
That is, the BEMER IS NOT A HEMHOLTZ COIL, so it is COUNTER PRODUCTIVE!!
Firstly, SQUARE IS NOT AN IDEAL winding geometry as only circular current loops produce a pure pulsating magnetic field.
Secondly BEMER tells people that they can wrap the B-pad around different areas but THIS produces opposing fields??
At least the BEMER full body mat had circularly wound coils, but the B.pad will give you a very spread out field that is not exactly a pure pulsating magnetic field.
PROBLEM WITH BEMER B-PAD! You do NOT want to wrap it around anything... WHY?
Because then the coils in the B-PAD FACE each other and cancel out.
That is, the BEMER IS NOT A HEMHOLTZ COIL, so it is COUNTER PRODUCTIVE!!
High Intensity Butterfly Coils MAY be Anti Helmhotz
Circular Polarization and Polarity Reversal -

Circular Polarization - Antenna and Radio Theory
Ideal Polarization to cover all possible receiving angles. All the cells in the body do seem to have an anisotropic orientation from top to bottom but there are many local variations so a good PEMF devices will cover all bases and all angles.
Very important for both preventing acclimations AND trying all orientations and polarization angles in the body. Along with sweeping all frequencies and amplitudes within know biological windows, PEMF uses mainly circularly polarized energy that is IDEAL for transmitting signals to many varying antenna angles. But ADDITIONALLY you need to switch polarity to resonant with BOTH clockwise and counterclockwise spins.
Make sure the device switches polarity every few minutes. This is important because the body will get used to either a constant north or constant south pole polarity. This is one of the main drawbacks (amongst others) why you DON’T want a static magnetic mattress pad or pulsed magnetic therapy devices that do not switch polarity. Every two minutes is an ideal switch.
Ideal Polarization to cover all possible receiving angles. All the cells in the body do seem to have an anisotropic orientation from top to bottom but there are many local variations so a good PEMF devices will cover all bases and all angles.
Very important for both preventing acclimations AND trying all orientations and polarization angles in the body. Along with sweeping all frequencies and amplitudes within know biological windows, PEMF uses mainly circularly polarized energy that is IDEAL for transmitting signals to many varying antenna angles. But ADDITIONALLY you need to switch polarity to resonant with BOTH clockwise and counterclockwise spins.
Make sure the device switches polarity every few minutes. This is important because the body will get used to either a constant north or constant south pole polarity. This is one of the main drawbacks (amongst others) why you DON’T want a static magnetic mattress pad or pulsed magnetic therapy devices that do not switch polarity. Every two minutes is an ideal switch.

PEMF Therapy is Cellular Exercise!
Through Faradays law of Induction, the coils in a PEMF device generate changing magnetic fields that induce eddy currents in the body.
These swirling electric fields create an EMF or voltage that drives charged particles (positive and negative ions) into little circuits in the organs, tissues and most importantly around the cells.
At the cellular level these eddy currents circulate charges around the membranes in the cell and mitochondria which increases cellular voltage and ATP production!
It has been shown the exercise moves fluids and charges in a similar way around the cells!
So PEMF literally is CELLULAR exercise as the stimulation pattern of moving fluids and charges around the cells emulates exercise!!
Receptors on the cell membrane detect this movement of charge from a PEMF session as normal exercise (fluid moves just like in exercise).
**Thanks to Robert Dennis for this wonderful image and insight!
Through Faradays law of Induction, the coils in a PEMF device generate changing magnetic fields that induce eddy currents in the body.
These swirling electric fields create an EMF or voltage that drives charged particles (positive and negative ions) into little circuits in the organs, tissues and most importantly around the cells.
At the cellular level these eddy currents circulate charges around the membranes in the cell and mitochondria which increases cellular voltage and ATP production!
It has been shown the exercise moves fluids and charges in a similar way around the cells!
So PEMF literally is CELLULAR exercise as the stimulation pattern of moving fluids and charges around the cells emulates exercise!!
Receptors on the cell membrane detect this movement of charge from a PEMF session as normal exercise (fluid moves just like in exercise).
**Thanks to Robert Dennis for this wonderful image and insight!