2024 PEMF Buyers Guide

**Affiliate Disclaimer**: While I do not work for any company, nor am I paid to endorse any product, but I do affiliate for the best devices available at multiple price points. This changes from time to time so call me for a consultation for my current top picks to meet your needs and budget. These are the devices I personally use myself and would give my own mother if she was sick. PEMF therapy is my passion, and sharing the best PEMF therapy information and products is my mission.

**NEW** 2024 PEMF Buyers Guide Videos are Now Available!

What is PEMF?

PEMF stands for Pulsed ElectroMagnetic Fields and PEMFs are magnetic fields that change with time, or sometimes called time varying magnetic fields.

PEMF (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field) technology works by sending low-level frequency throughout your body to recharge cells, expedite recovery, and calm the central nervous system. PEMF haas been scientifically-proven to improve chronic pain conditions, lessen inflammation, and improve immune response.

Simply put, PEMF is energy that heals and as such it is energy medicine. But PEMF is also is an essential element of health so it both nourishes and heals.

PEMF is Natural and all around us in the Earth's Geomagnetic fields and Schumann resonances.

There are over 30,000 studies showing the healing benefits of PEMF therapy making it one of the most researched and validated energy medicine modalities.

I. Introduction

It is a bit of a challenge to know exactly what kind of PEMF device to use and the best PEMF signal (ie waveform, intensity, and frequencies) to use in PEMF therapy and there are many conflicting opinions from different companies and so called experts which is a testament to this problem.

Unlike the red light therapy community, where Harvard research has conclusively shown what are the best frequencies and intensities for red light and laser therapy, no such conclusive evidence yet exists for PEMF.

But there IS much research and many clues, the most important coming from Nature and the resonant frequencies of the body, organs, tissues and cells.

I have been studying this problem for nearly 15 years, and I hope to shine a guiding light on the best possible signal for a PEMF device. Here is the punchline which I will elaborate on in this Buyers Guide and CONCLUDE with so you can appreciate deeply what it means.

I. Setup - Coils and Intensity (like Speakers and Volume/Amplifier)

PEMF Coils the Speakers or Antenna of PEMF System
Would you buy cheap speakers with a great sound system? No!!

1) Coils
Full Body and even distribution
Larger/Circular/Tightly Wound/Qi Coils (Intensity x Area = Flux)
Helmholtz
More Coherent Field if Signal is done right
Example Bad Coils:
a. Rod Ferrite - Traps field inside coil (hot spot)
b. Too Small - OMI
c. Too Loose - QRS field stays closer to mat
d. Wacky windings - Qi/Mantra coils
e. Anti-helmholtz - fields push away from each other (Bemer/QRS)
More incoherent field regardless of signal

2) Intensity / Flux
SI Unit of Magnetic Field Strength is Tesla
Defined by force per unit length exerted on a current carrying wire.
1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss = Strength of a powerful neodymium magnet. Tremendous force to pull apart.
Gauss easy to use because 1 gauss is about the magnetic field earth

Important to note that the body is transparent to magnetic fields so you don't need more power to "penetrate". Only drop-offs are with distance. Whether a person is on the mat or not same readings.
a. Calculate with Biot Savart not Inverse Square
b. Measure with Hall Probe not gauss meter and certainly not jumping magnets.
==> Hall-effect sensors are integrated circuits that transduce magnetic fields to electrical signals with accuracy, consistency, and reliability.

Natural Intensities Earth
a. 3-10 pT of Schumann
b. 25-65 uT Earth .25-.65 Gauss (Earth may have been upwards to 3 gauss so that would still be natural in recent evolution)
Human Body emits Femto to picoTesla magnetic fields

Any loss of intensity is due to the distance from the source.
0inch - 0cm - actual (2.9 mT) - calc 1.00 (2.9mT)
1inch - 2.54cm - actual (2.75mT) - calc .948 (2.75mT)
3inch - 7.62cm - actual (2 mT) - calc .6545 (1.89mT)
4inch - 10.16cm actual (1.5mT) - calc .503 (1.46mT)
5inch - 12.7cm - actual (1.2mT) - calc .380 (1.10mT)

II. Signal Trifecta: Slew + Spectral Content/Spectrum + Repetition Rate (entrainment). (This is the like the music you are playing - feel positive with classical music vs negative heavy metal).
3) Slew Rate - More brute force, but can be done with finesse
Rise (Intensity) and Run (pulse duration)
Hall Sensor and Oscilloscope
Cursory Meta-analysis slew rate studies
Show best results 10T/s to 100 to 150 T/s

4) Spectral Content - Finesse / Resonance

5) Repetition Rates (pulses per sec) at Brainwave Entrainment

8) EMF (unnatural/electro-smog) vs PEMF (natural/electrotherapy)
a. High Intensity Slew Rate EMF
b. High Frequency EMF > AM/FM radio manmade frequencies
AM radio is as low as 540kHz to 1.7 MHz.
c. Incoherent Lower Frequency (Dirty Noise)
You can scramble all the individual notes in a Beethoven symphony and get cacophony.

Coherent with PEMF is Velocity field
PEMF more natural
The closer we can get to nature the less likely there will be any long term side effects.

8) Safety

Newtons cradle
Bunch of Resonant Systems
A single impulse will light them up.
Suspend a whole lot bells same structure.
One could see how it has the potential
160 T/s is best

Amplitude gain -
Push lighter over and over -

Loop
200 T/s 20mT
27-30 T/s 4inches 1-1.5 mT

Mat
2.5 mT 4mT. 40-50T/s
3mT center 5mT edge
6 inches 1.5 mT
1-8000 kHz

Start with a current through a coil - Magnetic Field
Need circular coils to cover full body
Strength of current and size of coil to create FLUX
Switch from N to S by changing direction of current (Right Hand Rule)
Change from DC to AC with frequency generator and add simple sine frequencies
Use Fouriers Theorem to create waveforms - Square - sawtooth - kafka
Use Higher Frequencies in Fourier Series to Create Sharp Edges, Slew rate, and rapid rise and fall. Carrier Frequencies NOT most biologically active.
Establish Frequency of Pulses called Repetition Rate - Give cells rest
Add extra complexity with Pulse Pause Modulation and embedded/nested bundles of pulses... Prevent Habituation.
Use a spectrum Analyzer to see Spectral Content - Shows Frequency spectrum and dominant frequencies in spectrum.
Use filters to boost frequency bands

DO YOUR PEMF MACHINE RESEARCH
Understand the REAL science of PEMF... Do not be misled by Fake Review Charts and bad science. I spent almost a year doing a Science of Video PEMF course because I was so fed up with all the bad science and fake reviews running rampant in the PEMF community.
Here is the entire course:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL3PNJ0udOt-H30iYF8I8yohO9m11KruA8

This buyers guide puts it all together to help guide you on investing in the best possible PEMF device!

There are five basic categories of PEMF devices
1) Full Body Mat w/ Great Signal and Safe Intensity/Flux (BEST DEVICES)✓
2) Unsafe High Intensity ✗
3) Full Body Mat Cheap devices with Poor signals and coils ✗
4) Hand Held Devices - NOT BIG ENOUGH/Powerful Enough ✗
5) Devices that CLAIM to be PEMF and are not ✗

Beware of biased marketing and bad science
Product Comparisons can be misleading as they are usually marketing tools from a company that has already determined the unit that is best because they represent that unit. Again check out my real physics of PEMF course.

Frequencies and Intensities
These ARE NOT the important parameters.
The KEY is the frequency spectrum (spectral content) and the Magnetic flux in Webers as we'll see.
So easy to be misled especially with intensity

a. High Intensity Companies using bad science to justify saying low intensity does not penetrate.
b. Cheaper devices that use bogus review pages to sell their cheap products. I have carefully read ALL these sits and they are infected with bad science and biased opinions. The machines ranked the best are the ones they sell.
The WORST offenders are reviews sites that spout lies about PEMF to make a quick buck on their cheap Chinese Alibaba devices.

MY course and this buyers guide will ARM you with the CORRECT Physics and proper understanding to see through these review sites and make a decision based on REAL SCIENCE!

14 Key Points for a PEMF device

1. Coils and Coherence - Full Body Mat, Local Applicators, tightly wound and circular coils.
2. Intensity, Flux and Penetration... Sensitive Level
3. Polarity Reversal - switch direction of current from clockwise to counterclockwise...
4. Frequency, Repetition Rate, Resonance and Spectral Content
5. Waveform and Faraday's Induction (Slew Rate , Speed of Induction)
6. Pulsetrain Complexity - Pulse Pause Modulation, nested pulses
7. Biorhythm and built in programs (boosting brain state frequencies/filters)

8. Accessories - Usually gimmicks but Biofeedback GOOD!
9. Quality, Warranty and Value - Made in China vs Quality European/U.S. Do not settle for cheap!
10. Proven and Reputable Company with Good Warranty
11) It is FDA Registered with other Quality Safety Certificates and Ratings
12. Research & Testimonials and Does it Work
13. Safety - Is it safe to use daily - ICNIRP
14. Where to Buy - Training and Support/ Ease of Use

1. PEMF COILS and Applicators
Coils and Coherence - Full Body Mat, Local Applicators, tightly wound and circular coils.

**Start with a current through a coil - Magnetic Field
Need circular coils to cover full body

Full Body mat for Total Magnetic Field Immersion AND ALSO local applicators for FOCUSED healing and pain relief (in line with MIT research and antenna theory - Line of Sight/Field of View. Like a telescope (near field probe sideways).
Uses quality copper, Large and tightly wound circular coils for PURE magnetic resonance. PURE pulsating Magnetic Field - MIT, Physics of Magnetic fields.

Keywords: Coherence, Ampere's Law, Magnetic Dipole

PEMF Coils the Speakers or Antenna of PEMF System

Would you buy cheap speakers with a great sound system? Similarly, if you were a radio station, would you buy a cheap Antenna to transmit your Broadcast?
Of Course NOT!!!

The Coils of a PEMF system are one of THE MOST IMPORTANT COMPONENTS and one of the components hardly ANYONE is talking about. As a physicist, I find this shocking.
So I am VERY motivated to share with you the REAL physics of PEMF coils AND WHY it is SO IMPORTANT!!

Coherence
The virtual photons in magnets and current loops that give rise to magnetic fields and magnetic forces are all lined up in the same direction.

Coherent Energy is when the energy of the fields are going in the same direction with the same phase or angular relationship.

Coherent Energy works against Entropy creating order and even life (also Negentropy or Syntropy). Coherent energy begets coherent health.
Incoherent Energy is photons and particles going all in different directions with no phase relationship. This is decoherence/Entropy. This is usually thermalized energy that CANNOT be used for work.
Life is Coherence. Sickness and death is Incoherence and Entropy.

2) Penetration
The magnetic force is also much more deeply penetrating than other forms of energy medicine due to the fact there are no magnetic monopoles, hence no shielding. No surface or needle electrode is required. No hand held electrifying tubes, no electric shocks of any kind.

Magnetic Fields are therefore non-invasive in the purest sense, and far easier and more efficient to apply. And there is no interference, impedance or dielectrics like electric field or microcurrents and no attenuation reflection/absorption issues like light therapy, lasers or LEDS.

This allows magnetic therapy and PEMF therapy devices to penetrate every nook and cranny of the body down into the very nucleus of every cell and the very bone marrow of your body.

Magnetism, at its root, arises from CURRENT LOOPS!

ALMOST ALL MAGNETIC PHENOMENON ARE DUE TO PERFECTLY CIRCULAR CURRENT LOOPS!! This is VITALLY IMPORTANT TO UNDERSTAND IN RELATION TO PEMF DEVICES BECAUSE AS WE'LL SEE THE QUALITY OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD PRODUCES DEPENDS ON THE QUALITY OF THE CURRENT LOOPS. If there are NO CURRENT LOOPS THERE IS NO PURE MAGNETIC FIELD OR PEMF FIELD!!

The comparison between the magnetic field lines around a current-carrying loop and a bar magnet shows that the two patterns are nearly identical.

At the centre of the loop, the magnetic field lines are perpendicular to the plane of the loop and they are all lined up in the same direction, and hence it behaves like a magnet. This is why you want larger coils on a PEMF device so we can have MORE surface area exposure to pure magnetic fields.

Anatomy of the Perfect PEMF Coil

1. Wire Used - kind, quality and gauge. Creates a cleaner signal = Better Coherence
Magnet wire is copper wire which has been coated (or enameled) with a very thin layer of electrically insulating material. Most pemf devices I have looked at do not use the right kind of wire!!
Resistance increases with larger gauge (thinner wires). Skin Effect.

2) Large Diameter perfectly circular geometry - Increases Flux in Webers, Increases Energy stored in Field, Increases Penetration depth (or Intensity Gradient). Not 1/r^2 as Biot Savart equation for coils DEPENDS on both diameter of the coil and vector distance from center.
Circular Loops = Pure Magnetic Field (everything else IS NOT!)
Large vs Small Coil Diameters = Larger Magnetic Flux = Larger Surface area of pure magnetic field and greater penetration depth.

3) Tightly Wound for pure B -field vs plastic tubing and spacing and mesh design.
Purer magnetic field = better coherence

4) Full body mat with 6 large coils ideally. Don't settle for cheap battery powered hand held pemf devices. Just like great stereos you don't just get ONE speaker, you need a full body mat with multiple coils to deliver pure pulsating magnetic field immersion to the ENTIRE BODY!

5) Local Applicators Pillow (two large coils) and Probe Pen (ferrous Core)
Many Windings, Large Coil
Pancake or Solenoid Coil (Solenoid 2 types)
Helmholtz and Butterfly

7) Importance of Number of Turns or loops in the coil ("N" from Faraday's Law). PEMF: Make sure it has large tightly wound coils

All these factors increase magnetic flux and coherence and purity of the field. PEMF coils are like the speakers in a stereo. Would you want cheap speakers with the best stereo??

Most cheap PEMF devices use cheap dinky coils.
Most portable PEMF devices just don't cover much area.

ALL high intensity devices create unhealthy radiation fields and unhealthy field strengths as reviewed by respected organizations like the ICNIRP.
**Higher frequency and higher intensity PEMF devices or cheap PEMF devices with ineffective signals or poorly constructed coils create incoherent radiation that are minimally therapeutic at best and straight up electrosmog at its worst.
Unfortunately most high intensity ringer devices have a whole slew of higher frequencies along with the high intensity creates this UNHEALTHY radiation.

And some high quality devices like QRS and Medithera use loosely wound oval coils that are the wrong geometry.

As a former physics professor it really shocks me no one is talking about the correct science of PEMF which is based on MAXWELL'S Equations! The most trusted equations in all of science!!

2. Intensity & Coils (Amplitude Window)
TIME Domain -

Intensity, Flux and Penetration... Sensitive Level
Full Body Mat Exposure, Graduated Intensity

YOU DO NOT NEED HIGH INTENSITY!

Cycles Through Biologically Active Amplitudes (in line with Earth Intensity)

**Strength of current and size of coil to create FLUX

Intensity or Amplitude of the Signal - Or more importantly FLUX you can test from a voltmeter or oscilloscope
Magnetic Flux vs Intensity
Magnetic Resonance in Wireless Power
AREA versus intensity - NEED Full BODY MAT!!

More is not better, the key is magnetic flux and resonance, NOT really Intensity.

1) Importance of Magnetic Flux vs Magnetic Field Strength (Intensity) Alone. PEMF: Get a Full Body mat PEMF to cover whole body

Whichever it is call B has units of Tesla or Gauss Typically. 1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss. And we'll just refer to it as the magnetic field strength or intensity.

So the answers obtained from using the Biot Savart law will be in Tesla.

We talked about different Magnetic Field Strengths in the last video.

Remember to convert to Gauss, just divide by 10,000.

Remember that Tesla and Gauss BOTH MEASURE THE SAME THING, just like Meters and Yards both measure distance.

Many times in PEMF we use terms like Microtesla abbreviated uT. These prefixes are for all scientific quantities. Milli = 1/1000, etc.

So a microtesla which is abbreviated uT = 1/1,000,000 of a Tesla.
The Earth's magnetic field is roughly 33uT at the equation and 66 uT at the Poles. This is simply easier to write than .000033 - .000066 Tesla. Because a Tesla = 10,000 Gauss, we move the decimal place 4 places to the right.

I usually use the Earth magnetic field strength as reference as this is WHERE you basically want to be with PEMF devices.

33 - 66 micro Tesla (uT)
.33-.66 Gauss (G)

The best PEMF devices have intensities that are under 50 Gauss or 5000 (5 mT) Microtesla. Usually much less is even needed especially with the correct signal.
Over 5 mT is not deemed safe by all international safety standards (ICNIRP, IEEE, DIN, WHO, etc).

Magnetic Flux like electric flux is a scalar quantity, and in the magnetic case it has a special name - "WEBERS", which is abbreviated Wb and which has units T* m^2 (magnetic field times area).

In PEMF therapy, the Magnetic Flux HEAVILY depends on the area of the Coil. You have to integrate the magnetic field OVER THE ENTIRE AREA. Therefore larger coils have and exponentially LARGER flux as you increase the radius than smaller coils. Why because Area = pi*r^2. If you double the radius, the flux increases 4-fold. Quadruple the radius and it increases 16-fold.

In this image shown, the OMI pad has small little coils. The iMRS pillow applicator has coils that are 11x longer in radius. Therefore EVEN WITH THE SAME INTENSITY AT THE SURFACE, the Magnetic FLUX in webers of the iMRS 2000 is 121 times LARGER!!!

Lets use 20 uT (.00002 Tesla) which is reported intensity on the OMI pad. The iMRS 2000 on level 100 has about this intensity at the surface.
The magnetic flux of the OMI Pad is therefore .00002 Tesla*.02^2*pi = .0063 uWb (Tesla*m^2).
The magnetic flux of the iMRS 2000 pillow is .76 uW or 121 TIMES STRONGER.

Do you see how it is so easy to mislead with intensity ALONE??!!

You need to use the Biot Savart Law and Integrate over the Source of the Coil. This does NOT give you an inverse square drop-off... Many so called experts like Dr Pawluk are using the WRONG EQUATION to justify needing high intensity!!
And since most PEMF devices use (usually) a circular current loop the final equation becomes like in image below where the drop-off depends on NOT only the distance away "z" (like a 1/r^2 law) but ALSO THE RADIUS OF THE COIL "R"!!

Why not an inverse square? We have to integrate or add up all the little current segments to get the TOTAL field.

A loop of current depends on TWO variables, the radius of the loop AND the distance away. Larger Loops create larger magnetic fields (which makes sense because there is MORE current flowing in a larger loop) with greater magnetic fluxes and gradients (more on this later).

Because of this HUGE Error Dr Pawluk's chart's and graphs are NOT EVEN CLOSE to being accurate, in fact they are off by over 5000%!!

A NOTE ABOUT PENETRATION DEPTH - Technical Scientific/ Engineering Term.... Coherent Signals Penetrate Further!!

Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material falls to 1/e (about 37%) of its original value at (or more properly, just beneath) the surface.

Penetration Depth = .97 Radius of Coil which is almost exact = Radius.
That is the penetration depth of a PEMF is directly related to the radius of the PEMF coil. For example, OMI pad uses 1cm radius coils which means the penetration depth is ONLY a centimeter (not good). iMRS 2000 uses 11 cm radius coils which means the penetration depth is about 11cm (11x OMI).

In other words, the penetration depth is technically defined as the depth that a light penetrates a specific type of substance where it loses 63% of its overall intensity at the surface. (Note: most full body mat PEMF devices you lay directly on the mat so the starting intensity is effectively the manufacturer listed intensity.

Typically the penetration depth of electromagnetic fields like light differs by many factors. PEMF or pure pulsating magnetic fields penetrate deeper.

Type of Tissue (skin vs bone vs fat vs muscle) - For example, electromagnetic waves will penetrate deeper into your belly than your skull. But PEMF penetrates ALL TISSUE equally the same.
Power Output - penetration does depend on power output to deliver more or less photons deeper into the body. Not exactly the case with PEMF... Delivery of energy more based on frequency resonance than intensity, but a certain intensity is needed.
The distance from of the device from your body. True for both electromagnetic waves and PEMF, but as mentioned, frequency resonance is a more important factor for PEMF.

F = (N*I)2 μ0 A / (2 g2),
Where:

μ0 = 4π10-7
F is the force in Newtons
N is the number of turns
I is the current in Amps
A is the area in length units squared
g is the length of the gap between the solenoid and a piece of metal.

The surface field and is measured in Gauss (or Tesla).
Pull Force Testers are used to test the holding force of a magnet that is in contact with a flat steel plate. Pull forces are measured in pounds (or kilograms).
The size and shape of a magnet affects its magnetic field output and also its maximum possible pull force (holding force).

2 Meters Vs 2 cm (.02 Meters) ... 100 x diameter = 10,000 Area = 10,000 x more flux!
10000 Kilograms vs 1 Kilo

3. Polarity Reversal - switch direction of current from clockwise to counterclockwise...

**Switch from N to S by changing direction of current (Right Hand Rule)

Importance of Switching Polarity.

1) Circular Polarization - Antenna and Radio Theory Ideal Polarization to cover all possible receiving angles. All the cells in the body do seem to have an anisotropic orientation from top to bottom but there are many local variations so a good PEMF devices will cover all bases and all angles. Along with sweeping all frequencies and amplitudes within know biological windows, you need to switch polarity to resonant with BOTH clockwise and counterclockwise spins.

2) Preventing Habituation/Acclimation. This is important because the body will acclimate or habituate to a PEMF signal that is overly simplistic (like static magnets or a simple sine wave PEMF waveform). What this means is that you get diminishing benefits over time be- cause the body “get’s used to” a constant signal. NOTE: Polarity in a PEMF devices is a little different than North and South polarity in a static magnet, so it’s important to clarify this. Because PEMF devices have no magnets, they use (ideally) pure copper current loops to generate pulsed magnetic fields. By Ampere’s law in physics, a current in a circular loop creates a pure magnetic field. But PEMF devices deliver currents that have a frequency and variation, so switching polarity simply means the current in the loop switches direction (from clock- wise to counter-clockwise or the reverse). This gives added variation to the signal so the body does not become dependent on the same wave- form. On an oscilloscope, the signal turns upside down.
So called Experts and companies that say this is not necessary are speaking from a place of IGNORANCE!!!

3) More on Why Reversing Polarity is Important. Case Study - Unipolar and Bipolar Pacemakers Implantable electrical stimulator, like pacemakers or muscle stimulators. If you have a net electrical charge moving one way or another, it actually causes tissue damage and actually DAMAGES the electrode. One of the best ways to keep an implantable electrical stimulator clean and shiny and not damage tissue is to fully reverse pulses (polarity). This is called Bipolar pulsing and found in bipolar pacemakers. According to Robert Dennis (whom I agree with) in Reversing magnetic polarity we are trying to move ions intracellular...To avoid any kind problems ie cellular fatigue, we are trying to move them and then move them back. More like to simulate walking or exercise. You squeeze tissues and move them ...Fluid moves one way and moves back and then moves one way and moves back again. Switching polarity in the PEMF coils is like this AS IS THE EFFECTS IT HAS ON THE CELLS!!

Polarity in a PEMF device is a little different than North and South polarity in a static magnet, so it’s important to clarify this. Because PEMF devices have no magnets, they use (ideally) pure copper current loops to generate pulsed magnetic fields. By Ampere’s law in physics, a current in a circular loop creates a pure magnetic field. But PEMF devices deliver currents that have a frequency and variation, so switching polarity simply means the current in the loop switches direction (from clock- wise to counter-clockwise or the reverse). This gives added variation to the signal so the body does not become dependent on the same wave- form.

Other ways to increase variation are to use layers of frequencies, different frequencies for different times of the day, a biofeedback device that will continuously vary the session, etc. I know this is a little technical, but its critical for the long term effectiveness of PEMF therapy so you don’t get diminishing benefits over time. The iMRS PEMF system has the most variation (including polarity reversal) of any PEMF system on the market which means you will always benefit from using it long.

More on Why Reversing Polarity is Important
Magnetic Pulse - Coil like solenoid/magnet N/S polarity.
Reversing magnetic poles.
Graph is on north on X axis.
Biological recipient.
Implantable electrical stimulator, like pacemakers or muscle stimulators.
If you have a net electrical charge moving one way or another, it actually causes tissue damage and actually DAMAGES the electrode.
One of the best ways to keep an implantable electrical stimulator clean and shiny and not damage tissue is to fully reverse pulses. This is called Bipolar pulsing.

"Frequency is a more important parameter than field strength for biological effect."
~ Robert Becker

4. Frequency, Repetition Rate, Resonance and Spectral Content (Fourier Spectrum)

Need Broadband - Wide Range of Frequencies - Broad Spectrum / Wide Bandwidth! In 0-50 Hz range

PEMF: As the name pulsed electromagnetic field therapy implies; magnetic energy is transferred into the body by pulsing the energy with a repetition rate called frequency. Frequency is expressed in how many pulses or cycles per second are generated by the device.
Because all the frequencies present in all Therapeutic PEMF systems provide non-ionizing energy, they do not cause the body any harm!

**Change from DC to AC and add simple sine frequency
**If not sinewave but periodic, Establish Frequency of Pulses called Repetition Rate (square, sawtooth, etc.).

Sweeps through cellular, and Tissue Resonant Frequencies (in line with Earth Frequencies).
Frequency Resonance and Frequency Spectrum/Bandwidth in Biological Windows (turns out to be what the earth gives us 0-50 Hz).
Two Types of Frequencies - Sine wave & pulse frequency (Repetition Rate).

The frequencies your body emits are in a range, and
Clue #1 - Squid Magnetometers used on Humans and in Geology to Establish what Magnetic Field Frequencies the Human Body EMITS. The frequencies a system emits are the frequencies it absorbs!!
Clue #2 - Established Research on the Cellular, Tissue, and Brain State Resonant Frequencies. Most PEMF devices do not cover the full spectrum of frequencies needed.

Keywords: Frequency, Resonance, Frequency Spectrum, Spectral Content, Slew Rate, harmonics, Repetition Rate

Repetition rate Frequency, in cycles per second, (or Hz) with which a periodic signal repeats itself. Typically used to describe nonsinusoidal signals that are repetitive.

But generally, the range for a "typical" neuron is probably from <1 Hz (1 spike per second) to ~200 Hz (200 spikes per second). To ruthlessly ...

Studies Confirming Repetition Rate in Complex Pulses are Most Biologically Active
https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/8/12/2028/htm
ELF-PEMFs represent a subclass of electromagnetic fields. With frequencies or repetition rates (often used synonymously when describing PEMFs) up to a few hundred Hz, ELF-PEMFs are situated at the lower end of the electromagnetic spectrum
However, the Fourier-frequency spectrum of a signal can range from extremely low (≤300 Hz) to high frequencies (1 kHz to ≤1MHz), whereas the latter reflects the higher frequency pulse repetition rate f (for definition, see Figure 2). In pulsed EMF (PEMF), bursts of pulses are sent in on–off periods. The extremely low frequency (ELF) notation can reflect the burst or the pulse repetition rate. ELF-PEMF radiation is nonionizing and uses electrical energy to direct a series of magnetic pulses through biological tissue. Each of the magnetic pulses induces a tiny electrical signal in the exposed tissue that is thought to stimulate tissue repair without inducing significant thermal effects

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303911386_Electromagnetic_Therapy_A_Primer
Repetition Rate:
In use, this pulse application is repeated periodically at repetition rates of 15 Hz or higher. This fact has led some to suggest that the rate of repetition itself may be of some consequence in assessing the reasons for the efficacy of treatment using PEMF devices, inasmuch as the repetition rates that are used fall within the ELF range.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3770670/

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4759881/

https://bmcmusculoskeletdisord.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12891-015-0541-2

pulse amplitude 50 mV, pulse width 5 μs, burst width 5 ms, burst refractory period 62 ms, repetition rate 15 Hz.
200,000 Hertz Carrier
200 Hz burst frequency
16 Hz Repetition Rate

3) Frequency: The Frequency f, is the number of cycles per unit time a wave repeats at a given point. The frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz) named after the physicist Heinrich Hertz and equals the number of times the signal repeats itself in one second (the cycles per second).

This picture clearly shows the differences between various frequencies: the more waves you see during the same time window, the higher the frequency is.

The frequency of the blue at the bottom is higher than green which is higher than yellow, etc.

Inverse relation between time and frequency.

TWO Components to Frequency that create a LOT of confusion in the PEMF Community.
1) Frequency as Cycles per second in a sine wave, and called Repetition Rate for more Complex Signals and is better defined as Pulses per Second. IT IS THE PULSE FREQUENCY THAT HAS THE RESONANT EFFECTS AND INFLUENCE ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM!

2) Frequency is cycles per second but in signal processing it is easier to think of frequency of how fast a signal is changing. We'll look at that more in the next section as that relates to INDUCTION effects.

But there are also Natural Magnetic Frequencies of the Earth in the Schumann Resonances and Geomagnetic Frequencies. Our body and minds are deeply connected to these natural frequencies and they provide a foundation for understanding WHAT frequencies our body's best respond to therapeutically.

1) Does the PEMF Device Use Proven Earth Frequencies (0-50 Hz)?
The landmark NASA study showed conclusively that lower frequencies were ideal to stimulate cell growth, repair and healing. And as we saw in the body-mind-earth connection our brains, bodies and cells resonate and operate at the same frequency window as the earth's Schumann and Geomagnetic frequencies, which we saw was 0-30 Hz.

We know from medical science and Electroencephalograms (EEGs) that the brain operates from 0-30 Hz, which corresponds to low delta to high Beta brainwave frequencies. Further we saw in the studies of Adey and Bawin, and Sisken and Walker that our cells and tissues resonate to these same frequencies. Zimmerman and Seto's studies showed that the human body even EMITS or radiates these same frequencies which are detectable up to 16 feet away with a sensitive magnetic field detector called a SQUID magnetometer. And these are the same frequencies the earth provides via the Schumann resonance and the geomagnetic frequencies (and their higher harmonics).

We went into detail in the last section on this connection, but it bears repeating in light of our discussion of the best PEMF device in which to invest. You want to make sure you use a device that operates in the range of 0-30 Hz. Not only does this make intuitive sense, there are hundreds of studies confirming this as the ideal window of frequencies to stimulate healing and repair in the body.

1) Geomagnetic Frequencies cover 0-2 Hz

Schumann Resonances cover 2-50 Hz
1st Harmonic 7.83 Hz
2nd Harmonic 14 Hz
3rd Harmonic 20 Hz
4th Harmonic 26 Hz
5th Harmonic 33 Hz
6th Harmonic 39 Hz
7th Harmonic 45 Hz

Frequencies Emitted from Energy Healers and Chi Kung Masters (0 - 30 Hz)

In the early 1980’s, Dr. John Zimmerman began a series of important studies on therapeutic touch, using a SQUID magnetometer.

The frequency of the pulsations is not steady, but "sweeps" up and down, from 0.3 to 30 Hz (cycles per second), with most of the activity in the range of 7-8 Hz.

Confirmation of Zimmerman’s findings came in 1992, when Seto and colleagues, in Japan, studied practitioners of various martial arts and other healing methods. . Again it was found that the Qi Kung Practitioners emitted the same frequency range of 0-30 Hz.

The frequencies a system emits are the frequencies it absorbs!!

Tissue Resonant Frequencies
This chart is ALL research based... NO SPECULATION!
Good PEMF systems like the iMRS 2000, BEMER and QRS with their complex waveforms create BUNDLES of frequencies to blanket this entire spectrum of cell and tissue resonant frequencies.

What that means is that good PEMF devices with a wide spectrum of frequencies are like an energetic multivitamin, charging, healing and regenerating ALL the body's tissues and cells AT ONCE.

Cheaper PEMF Systems have cheap waveforms with incomplete frequency spectrums and inadequate biological effects.

The analogy is like taking "just" vitamin A and vitamin D and nothing else vs taking a full spectrum multivitamin with A, B1,B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, E, D, and full spectrum of minerals, etc.

Most of Research with PEMF is in the Lower Frequency Range and Low to Middle Intensity Ranges

Frequency Spectrum/ Spectral Content/ BioRegulation Therapy BRT

KAFKA, W.A.
BioElektro Magnetische Energy Regulation
Bernatzky G. u. a.: Nichtmedikamentöse Schmerztherapie Springer, Wien 2007

With reference to W. KAFKA, N. SCHÜTZE, M. WALTHER: Orthopädische Praxis (2005) 41, 22-24

Based on a number of experimental studies, W. Kafka was able to substantiate
the therapeutic effect of extremely slow and broadband pulsed electromagneticfields of low energy with proven stimulation of the molecular, intra-cellular and tissue related interactions that are the foundation of regulatory processes in organisms.

---
BRT presents the body with a huge range of frequencies at a low energy level, allowing cells to respond to the frequencies they need at a given time. By providing such a wide range of frequencies, we make sure that all the cells and functions in the body are addressed to the maximum extent possible.

Sometimes more is not better. Sometimes more simply overwhelms the basic processes of the body. Sometimes the body only needs a whisper to move it along the way to a different path, away from illness and tissue damage. Choosing the correct tone of the whisper (or frequency) is important to the results. Natural cellular communication takes place at extremely low intensity levels, and therefore it only takes a small level of increased energy to help to support and improve functions.

Selecting the tones for the cells and their various functions is still a matter of significant research. However, through various investigations and experiences, many of these frequencies have been found. These optimal frequencies are referred to as ‘windows’. The ‘right’ frequency is one that speaks to a particular window or function in the body.

We cannot know at a given time what frequencies the cells need. In one moment, they need one frequency, and as time progresses and the cells adapt, they will need a different frequency or set of frequencies to be able to function optimally.

5. Waveform and Faraday's Induction (Slew Rate , Speed of Induction)

Waveform - Intensity, Flux,
EMF = -dΦ/dt , INDUCED Voltage!

Uses a Rapid Rise and Fall Signal for Maximal Induction and Ion Transport (in line with NASA study). Sawtooth / Squarewave

**Use Fouriers Theorem to create waveforms - Square sawtooth
**Use Higher Frequencies in Fourier Series to Create Sharp Edges, Slew rate, and rapid rise and fall. Carrier Frequencies NOT most biologically active.

Let's Now Look at some examples as How Faraday's Law applies to PEMF devices.

1) Importance of Magnetic Flux vs Magnetic Field Strength (Intensity) Alone
2) Rapid Rise and Fall to give maximum induction not dB/dT (ΔΦ/Δt from Faraday's Law).
EMF = -dΦ/dt (EMF = Electromotive Force)

Faraday's Law is the EMF or OOMPH in PEMF
Rapid Rise and Fall Signals provide more OOMPH or ENERGY to your cells then slow rising waves.

The rise an fall time of the signal is THE most important parameter for inducing Energy in the Body, Tissues and Cells. We'll see the frequency spectrum is THE most important parameter for transferring INFORMATION to the body, tissues and cells though because both are connected, the division is only pedagogical.

Which Waveforms Deliver Maximum Benefits?

Next there is the waveform of the signal. The signal shape is equally as important as the frequency and intensity. The NASA study demonstrated that a rapid time varying waveform is most effective for promoting healing and regeneration.

There are two waveforms that meet this criteria, the saw tooth and the square wave; and ideally you'll want a PEMF device that has BOTH. Both the saw tooth and the square have rise and fall times that are far more abrupt than a simple sine waveform or triangle waveform. Again the more abrupt the rise and fall time, the greater the biological effect.

The key is the sharp rise time and fall time of the waveform. This is the characteristic that produces ion dissociation, resonance of cell membrane receptors, and maximum access to the “biological window.” Nerve impulse waveforms like a sine or triangle wave have gradual rise and fall times and are not capable of maximum ion dissociation. These devices ignore the many studies that demonstrate the profound biological effects of waveforms with sharp rise and fall times (such as the sawtooth and square waveforms).

Great DB/Dt Sawtooth and Squarewave

Both the sawtooth signal shape and the square waveform have rise and fall times that are far more abrupt than a simple sine wave. Some PEMF companies use a simple sine wave which is BETTER than static magnetic but much less dynamic that rapid rise and fall waveforms. Also you can only get one frequency at a time with only one set of harmonics from a simple sine wave.

Note the image shown is a simple repeating waveform... The best PEMF devices like the iMRS 2000, QRS and BEMER have a many layers of complexity that is NOT repeating. Cheaper PEMF units do not do this. We'll talk about this more in the next section.

MYTH: SIMPLE SINE WAVES RELATED TO EARTH PEMFs ARE NOT FOUND IN NATURE!
SO THEY ARE NOT MORE NATURAL AND MUCH LESS EFFECTIVE (As We'll See).

Slew Rate is the term used in signal processing for dB/dt.

...very fast speed of induction or 'slew rate'.
One way of measuring the quality of a sensed signal is to look at the slew rate. The slew rate refers to the slope of the intrinsic signal (Figure 8) and is measured in volts/second.

In electronics, slew rate is defined as the change of voltage or current, or any other electrical quantity, per unit of time. This is similar to Faraday's law as it shows how rapidly a signal rises and falls.

In other cases, a maximum slew rate is specified in order to limit the high frequency content present in the signal, thereby preventing such undesirable effects as ringing or radiated EMI.

Rapid Rise and Fall Requires higher frequency... Rise Time and Fall Time
Low frequency harder to filter because dB/dt or dV/dt.
Simple Sine wave also unless High frequency sine wave.

Frequency is cycles per second but in signal processing it is easier to think of frequency of how fast a signal is changing. We'll look at that more in the next section as that relates to INDUCTION effects.
Higher Frequencies Create Sharp Edges!!

The song will play more quickly in time (double speed a 2 minute song will finish in 1 minute). BUT in the frequency domain, the higher speed song is 2x a wide!!
This is an everyday application of signal processing. Think of frequency as how fast a signal is changing in this example, how fast a song is playing.

Heartrate is something that is in the time domain and an EKG can visually show you that.
Heart Rate Variability is in the frequency Domain and shows how quickly the heart can speed up or slow down.

The Narrower a Pulse is in the Time Domain, the Greater the spectrum of frequencies.

Sawtooth - IDEAL FOR INFORMATION/MODULATION

A sawtooth waveform has the unique ability to deliver bunches of frequencies simultaneously.

The sawtooth waveform is composed of various sine wave vibrations and has a BROAD FREQUENCY SPECTRUM. The fundamental vibration has the same frequency as the pulse train. The following harmonics are frequencies representing a multiple of the fundamental mode, but as a rule they also have a decreasing amplitude (height). If a structure such as a cell membrane oscillating with a sine wave vibration ( = oscillating circuit) is stimulated with a saw tooth pulse, ie., many individual sine waves of different amplitudes, the cell membrane will respond preferentially to a harmonic close to its natural frequency.

The great advantage of the saw tooth pulse in comparison with the individual sine pulse for the resonant effect lies precisely in this increased supply of oscillations. Also, a sawtooth waveform provides the maximum impulse or action potential across the cell membrane, which will boost the voltage of the cell (to improve the sodium potassium pump and recharge the TMP).

According to Liboff the therapeutic value of a given pulsed signal is highly dependent on how rapidly the rise and fall time happens (Rosch 2004). The rapid rise and fall time represents a high peak voltage value that is responsible for ion displacement in the body and recharging cellular voltage. Greater ion displacement exerts a stronger biological effect. The quintessence of the 20 years of magnetic field research is found in this waveform shape for PEMF therapy.

The sawtooth waveform was first introduced in 1974 by Bassett. Dr Bassett observed that a rapid rise and fall time induces the maximum current in a treated tissue as with the sawtooth. In his research it was the piezoelectric current induced which accelerated bone healing. As a result of Bassett's work, this waveform has been FDA approved in the USA for the treatment of non-union fractures and to aid in spinal fusion operations.

***Liboff AR. Signal Shapes in Electromagnetic Therapies: A Primer. Bioelectromagnetic Medicine. 2004, Rosch PJ and Markov MS, editors, page 32.

Conclusion: Unlike Simple sine waves or static magnets, the sawtooth changes continuously , producing constant induction of electromagnetism into the body's tissues, maximizing ion displacement and preventing cellular membrane fatigue. This means that the cell membrane remains responsive to the signals, maximizing the beneficial effects of electromagnetic stimulation for optimal health.

NASA Research on Ideal Wave Shape (Rapid Rise and Fall) Uses a Rapid Rise and Fall Signal for Maximal Induction and Ion Transport (in line with NASA study). Sawtooth / Squarewave

Eddie Currents and EMF come from Faradays law of induction.. The greater the change in current/voltage the greater the induction. This is PHYSICS not an opinion. Sine wave signals are the LEAST desirable as they change the slowest!
And contrary to what some same, nature does NOT use a sine wave!!!

Because a changing magnetic field induces an electrical current (or movement of charged particles like Na, K, Ca etc.), having a rapid rise and fall waveform creates the most dramatic flow of energy (think of striking the flint on stone).

The abrupt rise and fall time creates a peak voltage across cellular membranes that are responsible for ion displacement in the cells.

*** Credit Card and Striking Match/Flint Analogies

The Square-wave IDEAL FOR INDUCTION/ENERGY

From the NASA study, we know that the Square wave is ideal for local application to break up cycles of pain and promote healing and regeneration. This was proven by NASA to be the most effective waveform for this purpose. This is why you'll want to look for the NASA proven square wave on the pillow and pen/probe/pen and other localized applicators on a PEMF device.

The NASA study concluded, “The most effective electromagnetic field for repair of trauma was square wave with a rapid rate of change (dB/dT) - means the change in the magnetic field intensity with respect to time) which saw cell growth increased up to 4.0 times.” The NASA study further noted that “slowly varying (millisecond pulse, sine wave) or non varying DC had little to no effect.”

Only one or two of the waveforms had biological effects in the NASA study. Square or Trapezoidal wave .. There was very significant changes in Gene expression. Normal human neural progenitor and HNP cells in culture.

Scientific results were robust. NASA did two sets of experiments.

Squarewave for example has many frequency harmonics.
Depends on how sharp.

So a square wave is made of many individual frequencies and all these frequencies have energy in them.. Tends to die off as you go up in frequency.

Ringing banging and resonances.

How quickly it happens tells you how many higher harmonics there are....
Ringing and higher harmonics in rapid rise and fall waveforms.

Big secret is waveform to induce energy in cells.
Square changes have really high frequencies.

Spectrum Analysis of IMRS Similar though SKEWED to lower frequencies!
Only by looking at the signal with the eye of a Spectrum Analyzer can we TRULY SEE both the dominate frequencies AND the frequency spectrum (bandwidth).
The GOAL of PEMF in my opinion in the frequency domain is to have Dominant Frequency components in the LOWER frequency range WHILE covering a broad spectrum of biologically active frequency AND also higher frequencies in small amounts for sharp edges. This is an engineering feat indeed and one of the reasons that GOOD PEMF devies cost more and cheap ones are cheap.

BEST OF BOTH WORLDS - Induction and Low Frequency Resonance

Use rapid rise and fall signals with a rich spectral content that Have Repetition Rates in the Lower Biologically Active Frequency Windows!
The best PEMF systems do this (iMRS 2000, BEMER, QRS and a couple others).

But there is one more thing we need....

6. Pulsetrain Complexity - Pulse Pause Modulation

Complex Pulsetrain with pulses between bundles of Pulses and Switches polarity... This is essential to avoid cellular fatigue and habituation.

**Establish Frequency of Pulses called Repetition Rate - Give cells rest
Like Working out with Weights... Rest in between sets
**Add extra complexity with Pulse Pause Modulation and embedded/nested bundles of pulses... Prevent Habituation.

This cycle of bioelectromagnetic signaling of every cell within the field is continued for 8, 16 or 24 minutes, depending on the session time setting used. Every 2 minutes during this signaling the polarity is reversed to prevent cellular fatigue or accommodation to the signal. The intention of this is to maximize the biological effect.

Program 3 (mid-afternoon to evening: 3 pm to 8 pm)
The basic sawtooth signal shape is delivered at 64 Hz (level 1)
This is in bundles of 5 like above. (level 2)
These bundles are followed by a 36.75 ms pause
These 5-pulse packets are delivered 4 times followed by an 81 ms pause (level 3)
Both of these processes are repeated 20 times followed by a 3340 ms pause (level 4)

This is 4 layers of Complexity with an already complex Sawtooth signal.

Think of it like working out, say 4 body parts.
You start by doing bicep curls
5 reps (level 1)
Then 5 sets of 5 reps (level 2)
Then you do 5 reps and 5 sets for 4 other body parts (level 3)
Then you work out 20 times in a month (level 4).

(4 x 63 ms + 81 ms = 333 ms. 1/333 ms (x 1000) = 3 Hz Rated Frequency for Evening

Complex Variation

LONGER TIME DOMAIN

5) Pulsetrain Complexity - Oscilloscope over larger time/space intervals
Birds Eye View over a longer duration.

(Need Complex Signal to Prevent Habituation & Cellular Fatigue).
Oscilloscope over larger time/space intervals.

The process of impressing intelligence or information onto an electromagnetic wave is called modulation.
Complex Signals in Good PEMF ... PEMF is music for your cells. Think Beethoven versus row row row your boat.

Clue #6 - Acclimation, Habituation and Neural Accommodation. Why you need a complex pulse train and Polarity Reversal. Biofeedback an added bonus.

7) Complex Pulsetrain with pulses between bundles of Pulses and Switches polarity... This is essential to avoid cellular fatigue and habituation.

Pulsetrain and Complexity - Layers of Frequencies to Prevent Habituation and Maximum Frequency Harmonics.
PEMF B.S. : Most PEMF devices use simplistic repeating waves with no complexity.

This is why simple frequencies do not justice to describing the whole signal.
Time signatures in sheet are used to specify how many beats are contained in each measure of music, and which note value is equivalent to one beat. Can be divided into simple, compound or complex.

***PEMF is exercise for the cells analogy

Pulsetrain/Modulation COMPLEX WAVES
Modulation is the manipulation of frequencies into "packets" that themselves create a secondary frequency. Individual frequencies are bundled together, with built in pauses between bundles.

A collection of pulses travelling together creates a pulse train. Digital components in a computer communicate with each other using pulses. Pulses are also common in x-ray and communications equipment.

Dwell Time, Pause Time, Dead time...

Between individual impulses there is a pause called pulse-pause modulation.

The signal information may be embedded in the form af amplitude, phase, and/or frequency variations.For example, look at Figure -- it is made up of many cycles of higher-frequency waveforms embedded in a lower-frequency "envelope." In this example it's usually most important to understand the relative levels and timing relationships of the steps

Rest time and fall time... Like Working out.

GOAL:
Cycling Through Biologically Active Amplitudes
Sweeping different Tissue Resonant Frequencies
Trying all orientations and polarization angles

Example of a Complex Pulsetrain and Why its Important

One of the reasons I REALLY like the iMRS 2000, is that it delivers the widest range of time varying impulses and amplitudes within known biological windows of 0-50 Hz and Earth intensity levels. This ensures that a broad spectrum of electromagnetic energy is delivered to the cell membrane. The cell membrane receptors selectively respond to signal shapes and frequencies that they need to derive optimum health.

The iMRS 2000 complex sawtooth signal has 4-5 layers of pulsetrains making is VERY complex and will deliver a very wide sprectrum of frequencies, amplitudes and changing polarization.

To Use the iMRS 2000 Morning Setting As An Example of Signal Complexity.

7. Biorhythm Clock

Uses Established Brain State Frequencies for Different Times of Day.
Beta in the morning, Delta at night.

**Use a spectrum Analyzer to see Spectral Content - Shows Frequency spectrum and dominant frequencies in spectrum.
**Use filters to boost frequency bands

Why a Biorhythm Clock is Important?

Not only do you need a PEMF therapy device to give you the right frequency range (0-30 Hz), but you also need a built in biorhythm clock to give you the RIGHT frequency for the time of day.

For example, in the morning, you probably want to be awake and alert so a Beta frequency (12-30 Hz) would be appropriate whereas before bedtime you will probably want to relax and prepare the body and mind for sleep with a theta-delta frequency between 0-7 Hz.

It's interesting to note that even the earth's frequencies slow down a bit on the dark side of the earth, whereas in daylight the frequencies are slightly higher.

So even though the body resonates to all frequencies in the 0-30 range, its ideal to use settings that are in alignment with the time of day and the wave patterns of the circadian rhythms of the mind and body.

8. Accessories/built in programs - Usually gimmicks but Biofeedback and some built in programs are GOOD!

Accessories I like
1) Biofeedback
2) Database of Protocols
3) Infrared if PEMF is good (cheap chinese alibaba mats are examples of infrared but TERRIBLE PEMF.

Most other accessories are gimmicks like red light, negative ions, healing stones to name a few.

Does it come with a database of Protocols for Various Conditions?
If you are a health care provider, it is advantageous to have protocols for different health conditions available at your fingertips. Only one device on the market offers this feature for licensed health care practitioners.
Like for example, the iMRS 2000 comes with a database of 284 conditions with all the protocols pre-programmed in.

The benefits of a PEMF with a Biofeedback component

Biofeedback is the process of becoming aware of various physiological functions using instruments that provide information on the activity of those same systems, with a goal of being able to manipulate them at will. Processes that can be controlled include brainwaves, muscle tone, skin conductance, heart rate and pain perception.

One of the easiest and most effective forms of biofeedback is Heart Rate Variability (HRV), which can be easily and accurately measured through the pulse (finger or ear sensors).

The beauty of using biofeedback to adjust intensities in a PEMF device is that it allows the user to relax and the system will automatically adjust the settings which the body needs for that given time and day.

Only two devices I have seen for home use have a true biofeedback feature. Some claim biofeedback, but if there is no actual sensor hooked up to measure cardiac or brain wave patterns, it is impossible to have biofeedback.

9. Quality, Warranty and Value - Made in China vs Quality European/U.S. Do not settle for cheap!
Stratavasious expensive... Why so much better? Cannot reproduce them.
Simply listen and hear the difference.
Cheaper still makes music.
How to make it work really really well.

Ultimately a better PEMF device is like Steinway Piano or a Stratavasious Violin.
The quality of the sound signal is obvious to anyone who can listen compared to cheaper pianos and violins.
Simply listen and hear the difference.

Cheaper PEMFs like cheaper instruments still makes music. But the quality and benefits will not be the same.

(not the cheapest, but best value/dollar)
Price is always a big issue, but don’t confuse price with cost. If a device is priced at say $4000 and re- ally, really works to the extent that it helps prevent a $4000 surgery, how much does the unit really COST? Not to mention the pain relief and added benefits that can come with a good PEMF device. Don’t settle for a cheap machine that will yield lit- tle or no results, because they actually could end up “COSTING” you more.

10. Proven and Reputable Company with Good Warranty

Perhaps the most important consideration in investing in a PEMF device is looking for an established company with a long track record, constant innovation and a good reputation. Make sure the unit you buy is with a company that is always improving to make their product better. Unfortunately there are a lot of units on the market that have not changed since their inception or changed very little. And many others quickly come on the PEMF scene and go out of business. The best companies stick around are ALWAYS researching and working on ways to improve their technology.

Does it Come Standard with At Least a 3 Year Warranty?
Make sure the unit has a good warranty. I recommend finding a PEMF machine with at least a 3-year warranty. These devices are a little pricey and very sensitive, so you want to make sure you are covered. And this also requires the confidence of an established company that has been around for a decade or longer, because if you buy a unit and the company goes out of business, so too does the warranty and support.

11) It is FDA Registered with other Quality Safety Certificates and Ratings

There are only a couple PEMF therapy devices for home use that are registered with the FDA which means they are FDA listed, FDA compliant and have met a stringent set of criteria necessary to be a medical device. If a pulsed magnetic therapy device is FDA registered, you can be assured it is manufactured with the highest quality electronic standards and meets all safety requirements.

Doing some research on the FDA website, you can find a couple companies that claim to be FDA registered or compliant, while in truth they are actually NOT permitted to import their products to the USA as a medical device. They get around this by improperly labeling the device as something unrelated to health and wellness.

Finally, there are only a couple PEMF therapy devices for home use that are registered with the FDA which means they are FDA listed, FDA compliant and have met a stringent set of criteria necessary to be a medical device. If a pulsed magnetic therapy device is FDA registered, you can be assured that it is made with the highest quality electronic standards and meets all safety requirements. Doing some research on the FDA website, I found a couple companies that claim to be FDA registered or compliant, while in truth they are actually NOT permitted to import their products to USA as a medical device. They get around this by improperly labeling the device as something unrelated to health and wellness. There are only TWO PEMF full body mat devices for home use in the United States that I have found that have legitimate FDA registration and compliance, which are Mediconsult and Bemer group (as of January 1st 2013).

See the FDA site and make sure the company you are looking at is compliant and not on the list on the link below.

http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/cms_ia/importalert_244.html

Also, when you buy a PEMF device, you want to make SURE you have expert support available because everyone is unique and has a certain body type and every illness is different and requires a different protocol.

12. Does it Work - Research & Testimonials
Does it make you feel better? Does it make you healthier.
I have a secret frequency.
Big secret is waveform to induce energy in cells.
Square changes have really high frequencies.
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLwM1JFCyRaOXao6vTWzzEvO--48_qPfKT

13. Is it safe by ICNIRP, DIN, IEEE and other international Safety Standards.

Low Intensity and Low Frequency to be safe by ICNIRP standards... This will also make the PEMF devices electrosmog free.

Is it Safe?
Safety - ICNIRP - 5000 uT max 0-25 Hz / 5uT over 25 Hz
DIN - 400 uT any Frequency
WHO - 100 uT/1 Gauss @ 50 Hz

The Device Should be strong enough to handle problem areas yet safe enough to be in compli- ance with U.S and DIN safety standards. The DIN 0848 safety standard says the intensity should never exceed 400uT or 4 Gauss.

But even better recommendations (because frequency is also taken into effect) are given by the INTERNATIONAL COMMISSION ON NON‐IONIZING RADIATION PROTECTION (ICNIRP). The ICNIRP is a world-wide authority on safety related to elec- tromagnetic energy. The EU and FDA both rely on their findings. According to the ICNIRP, the limiting values for safety of time varying PEMF are depend- ent on both the frequency (usually measureed in Hz) and the flux density (or Intensity - measured in microtesla).

The higher the applied frequency the lower the limit value for intensity that is safe. This means, if you apply a very low frequency (like the earth fre- quency range 1-25 Hz) you are allowed to apply higher intensities.

Critical Point:
The limited value according to the ICNIRP for low frequency, time varying PEMF in the range from 0 till 25 HZ is 5000 microTesla
If the Frequency is OVER 25 Hz, the limit value for safety is ONLY 5 micro Tesla!
It means, that the ICNIRP assumes, that time varying PEMF over 25 HZ with a higher inten- sity than 5 micro Telsa can create damage

(Note: the Earth’s NATURAL magnetic field is roughly 30- 70 microtesla and the Natural frequencies are roughly 0-25 Hz).
Some devices on the market have intensities that are way too high. And most PEMF devices uses frequencies that are WAY above 25 Hz. Don’t be fooled by companies that tell you that you need a stronger intensity to get results. The key is fre- quency resonance, not intensity. So look for a de- vice that uses frequencies and intensities close to what the earth provides. The iMRS is the ONLY whole body mat PEMF device that meets these requirements (because it uses frequencies and in- tensities that are in alignment with the earth).
Low Intensity and Low Frequency to be safe by ICNIRP standards... This will also make the PEMF devices electrosmog free.

Bogus Electrosmog Claims by QRS and some other distributors.

--> All the low frequency and low intensity PEMF devices I tested iMRS 2000, BEMER, QRS, Medithera, OMI, Vasindux, Biobalance, ICES, Earthpulse, and others had NO electrosmog with the EXCEPTION of the all the cheap alibaba Chinese gemstone/far infrared PEMF which uses the 60 Hz signal from the power company (Avoid these cheap Chinese product). Otherwise do not believe phony electrosmog videos. (see my rebuttal).

Note: This video was done by Daniel Bader at QRS who is a very unethical and shady distributor. I called Dr True Ott's Office and they said they felt manipulated and misled by Daniel Bader (who is talking in the background but never shows his face. Dr True Ott explained he would remove the video if he could but that Daniel Bader loaded it. I Forwarded Daniel Bader through mutual contact antenna engineer

The ONLY real electrosmog threats are HIGH INTENSITY (over 5000 uT/500 Gauss) PEMF devices which are ALL ELECTROSMOG and UNSAFE!!

14) Where to Buy - Look for Best Training and Support!!
My story of the oscilloscope

The Question You Forgot To Ask:
What Kind of Training and Support Do You Include?
Don't BUT Off EBAY AND AMAZON!!

This question is not numbered because it is perhaps the most important. Most of the devices on the market will offer some sort of benefit with the right training and support.
When you buy a PEMF device, you want to make SURE you have expert support available because everyone is unique and has a certain body type and every illness is different and requires a different protocol.
So please listen to this tip above all else: Find a company, distributor or product that offers EX- PERT training and support by someone who has at least a couple years experience working with a wide range of body types and disease conditions.

Conclusion:
***The IDEAL PEMF Device***
NOT Intensity and Frequency (those are averages and static)
-->Waveform/Pulsetrain and Frequency Spectrum over space and time.
The ideal PEMF therapy device uses a low intensity, rapid rise and fall waveform (like a sawtooth or squarewave) within a complex pulsetrain (to prevent habituation and cellular fatigue) which delivers a WIDE spectrum of biologically active frequencies in the natural earth spectrum (0-50 Hz) for maximum tissue and cellular resonances.
To effectively transmit this ideal signal with the highest fidelity you need large tightly wound pure copper coils within a full body mat to cover the whole body and you also want local applicators for localized issues also using tightly wound copper coils. It is shocking how few PEMF devices do this right.
After owning, researching and testing over 20 PEMF devices, there is only one or two PEMF devices available in the U.S. that does all of this effectively which I will reveal at the end.

The reason for all this complexity is 2-fold
1) It prevents Plateauing, habitation, acclimation, desensitization etc. This allows you to get benefit day in and day out. iMRS further adds 4 program settings, polarity reversal, and a biofeedback. NO OTHER PEMF DEVICE GOES TO THESE LENGTHS TO PREVENT Diminishing returns over time.

2) And just as importantly, It increases frequency harmonics as we'll see in the next section

NOTE: I have tested MANY cheaper (and some expensive even) PEMF devices that have simple repeating waves. This will give VERY limited results over time.. Like doing the exact same exercise every time you workout. You need to vary it to constantly challenge the body. PEMF is like cellular exercise!

High intensity devices are even worse and are akin to overtraining leading to cellular fatigue and burnout.

Interlude: Biological Windows

In Living Systems, extremely weak fields may have potent effects, while there is little or no response to strong fields. Cells and tissues are highly non-linear, non-equilibrium, cooperative and coherent systems capable of responding to very specific windows in terms of frequency and intensity.

It turns out that years of research has shown the biological windows, or parameters the human body resonates to; are in the same range as what the earth gives us. That is we, ideally need magnetic field intensities in the range of the earth, frequencies in that range and also the right timing (phase) and waveform.

systems uses extremely low field strengths. The “biological windows” of the human body are optimally accessed at field strengths in the low μT range.

Dr. Ross Adey coined the term “biological window.” Adey measured the calcium output of brain cells in rabbits to demonstrate that this effect could only be triggered using very low magnetic field intensities and a specific low (16 Hz) frequency. Since Dr. Adey’s initial discovery, the energy medicine literature has shown strong scientific consensus that biological windows are important.

Sometimes more is not better. Sometimes more simply overwhelms the basic processes of the body. Sometimes the body only needs a whisper to move it along the way to a different path, away from illness and tissue damage. Choosing the correct tone of the whisper (or frequency) is important to the results. Natural cellular communication takes place at extremely low intensity levels, and therefore it only takes a small level of increased energy to help to support and improve functions.

iMRS 2000 Signal and Spectrum Analysis - Done in Europe 2018

Only 4 devices left over worth examining...
Other devices not worth examining because of technical difficulties.

Voltage and Magnetic Flux Density
How voltages and magnetic flux densities are distributed across frequencies

Different periodicities with spacing in coils like #4 Below

Done by competent experts in applied studies in German Lab.

BEMER Oscilloscope and Spectrum Analysis - Done in Europe 2018

3) Squarewave System - Done in Europe 2018

4) Vitalife System - Done in Europe 2018
Different periodicities with spacing in coils ... Vitalife, QRS, MEDITHERA NOT IDEAL!!!

Inverse relation between time and frequency.
Frequency is cycles per second but in signal processing it is easier to think of frequency of how fast a signal is changing.

Example, Playing a Video or Song at Double Speed.For example lets say you listen to a song on regular speed |>
And for simplicity lets say the song looks like the box on the right top row in the time domain and the triangle on the left top row in frequency domain.
NOW if we take the same song at double speed |>|>
The song will play more quickly in time (double speed a 2 minute song will finish in 1 minute). BUT in the frequency domain, the higher speed song is 2x a wide!!
This is an everyday application of signal processing. Think of frequency as how fast a signal is changing in this example, how fast a song is playing.

Heartrate is something that is in the time domain and an EKG can visually show you that.
Heart Rate Variability is in the frequency Domain and shows how quickly the heart can speed up or slow down.

Notice the lines corresponding to each frequency component in the above picture. That is the frequency spectrum. It tells us how much each frequency component contributes to the original signal.
Let's briefly look at a practical example of this because it is SOO important in PEMF therapy and energy medicine to understand complex signals.
In earth quake prone areas, house are built to resist shock waves. But the earthquake is not a single frequency signal, just as good PEMF are not.
Earthquakes have many frequency components and it's not possible to design houses that are resistant to the entire wave. To overcome this difficulty, seismographs and structural engineers, so Fourier Analysis on earthquake waves (that is, they convert from the TIME domain to Frequency domain and USE the frequency spectrum obtained, to figure out the dominant components in the wave.
This way it is possible to design houses that are resistant to these particular frequency components in the wave.
The other smaller components don't have any significant impact so they can be ignored.
Now you might say, wait, I see the peaks on the actual Earthquake waves... AHH, what you are seeing is NOT the frequency but simply the overall wave plotted VS time. That peak amplitude could contain a huge bundle of frequencies.

Another Aspect to Good PEMF signals is Harmonics - Sawtooth Example

Sawtooth waves like on the iMRS and QRS make ideal use of the phenomenon of upper harmonics for both even and odd-numbered frequency ranges. (Bronstein 2001/19) That is, the first upper harmonic produced by this waveform is equivalent to twice (even) the fundamental (or tonic) frequency; the second upper harmonic is equivalent to three times (odd) the fundamental frequency, etc.

Think of musical overtones or harmonies, which similarly have a direct mathematical relation. It is not always a doubling as other fractioned overtones are harmonious like chords in music.

So with these harmonics a good PEMF device covers 0-50 Hz and then some up to the MHz even (as coherent higher harmonics of earth frequencies).

And because of the nice sawtooth on full body mat and the tightly wound pure copper coils, you get a wide range of harmonics easily covering 0-50 Hz which is the most important range.

No need to program this frequency , then that, then another like Rife machines and crude PEMF devices that use only simple sinewaves (like PERL, Curatron, Biobalance, OMI, Sedona Wellness, etc.) Having the ability to program a LOT of frequencies is NOT necessarily a good thing, in fact , in my experience it makes it less effective and HARDER to use as typically these devices do not have a good spectrum of harmonics.

Further Note on Sawtooth, Harmonics for full body mat:
Sawtooth spectrum contains both even and odd harmonics of the fundamental frequency. Theoretically it contains of all even and uneven harmonics with no limit in band width it goes definitely up to the MHZ range (Thats why we are using this sophisticated wave form as we increase the power of probability of resonance). The amount of harmonics is huge!

What this means is ALL the frequencies are covered in Every session. This makes it much easier AND more effective than systems where you can or need to program in specific frequencies (which is VERY limiting).

Bioregulation Therapy

Adaptation and organization of biological systems are not linear (Chaos and Quantum Coherence).

Every organism is intimately connected with Nature and its surrounding physical and energetic environment.

Biological information is exchanged chiefly through electromagnetic and subtle energy information systems.

These energy information systems form the basis of biochemical reactions. Biophysics is more fundamental then physiology. Subtle energies guide matter in the body through myriad reactions.

The recent development is applying the concept of ‘resonance’ to analyse and treat an illness. Resonance is a physical phenomenon that occurs due to vibrations and creates a balance (harmony). Each and every material of a living body emits a resonant vibration or we can say the communication between various levels in body takes place through resonance. For resonance to occur there is a necessity of an apt medium and for biological purposes EM fields serve as the medium for electromagnetic waves. The frequencies of the earth are the PRIMARY resonant frequencies for the human body.

There are at least 37 trillion cells in the body (and that’s not counting the millions of bacteria friends we carry in our gut). Each and every one of those 37 trillion cells carries out several thousand metabolic processes every single second. In order for that activity to happen, there is a great deal of communication that must take place between and within these 37 trillion cells.

The concept of BRT begins by viewing cellular communication as self-regulating. Cells communicate with each other through various frequencies. When your internal or external environment changes, cells respond and adapt to the change. They let each other know what’s going on so that they can maintain balance. Perpetual adaptation in necessary since the external and internal environment of an organism is every changing.

*Organ systems have tiny, complex, bioelectrical signals, and each one has its own unique, signature pattern.
Because the cells within each organ system tend to “talk” more with each other than with other systems, each organ system has slightly different characteristics that promote communication among its own cells. For instance, kidney cells communicate better with other kidney cells than they do with liver cells.

Aging and disease, then, are essentially a breakdown of this communication process between the cells. The body does its best to rebalance itself and reestablish diminishing communication channels, but sometimes the process needs help.

BRT presents the body with a huge range of frequencies at a low energy level, allowing cells to respond to the frequencies they need at a given time. By providing such a wide range of frequencies, we make sure that all the cells and functions in the body are addressed to the maximum extent possible. This approach respects not only the natural field intensities of the tissues of the body, but also communicates with the cells in ways they can understand and accept.

Therefore, BRT facilitates the natural processes of the tissues of the body to be able to heal themselves.

There are BOTH frequency and intensity windows.

A Helpful Analogy to Understand Why Sawtooth and Square waves are more effective than Sine waves

One of the ways to understand why a rapid rise and fall works better is that you need an abrupt change to create ion transport across the cell membrane to create energy.
As an analogy, think of starting a fire with a piece of flint and stone. You strike the stone with the flint quickly and abruptly to create a spark/energy. This is like a sawtooth or squarewave motion.

Using a sine wave (like the Bemer and some other PEMF companies), is akin to slowly rubbing the stone with the flint up and down slowly. You may get some small tiny sparks, but nothing like striking it quickly.

Makes sense right?

Because a changing magnetic field induces an electrical current (or movement of charged particles like Na, K, Ca etc.), having a rapid rise and fall waveform creates the most dramatic flow of energy (think of striking the flint on stone).

Frequency Resonances and Harmonics

Use Fourier Transforms to Decompose Waveform in all its constituent frequencies.
Harmonics will depend on waveform and fundamental frequency(s), purity of signal, thickness of coils, number of windings, and how tightly those windings are wound.

The iMRS 2000 has the best configuration and richest spectrum of harmonics I have seen, so lets use as an example...

In 1925, Georges Lakhovsky published a paper and he says in the paper....
“The remedy in my opinion, is not to kill the microbes in contact with the healthy cells but to reinforce the oscillations of the cell either directly by reinforcing the radio activity of the blood or in producing on the cells a direct action by means of the proper rays.” Lakhovsky’s Radio-Cellulo-Oscillator (RCO) produced low frequency ELF all the way through gigahertz radiowaves with lots of “extremely short harmonics.”

Multivitamin vs a whole bunch of different vitamins approach.
Easier, More Effective and works WITH the body, not allopathically or in a way that is ineffective.

1. Waveform & dB/dt is the actual physical shape of the wave itself. A huge variety of waveforms. Myth Sinewave NOT found in Nature and while better than static magnetics does not give body as much impulse for ion transport as sawtooth and squarewave.

PEMF B.S. BAD SCIENCE
Sine wave is what is found in Nature - FALSE!

The next thing he talks about in his video is that a sine wave is what is found in nature. I have some images of lightening strikes, and also a plot of the Schumann resonance and its higher harmonics. And you can clearly see it’s not just a smooth sine wave. There are some spikes, especially at the 7.83. It’s a very rapid rise and fall spike. It’s not a smooth sine wave. And when you think about it, because the Schumann resonance comes from lightning strikes, which are anything but smooth (they are very jagged – very chaotic – very random). There’s no smooth sine wave to be found at all. That’s just a false statement about the natural Earth’s frequencies. They are not smooth sine waves. They are more a rapid rise and fall.

And he agrees with this when he talks about the ringer devices or the high intensity systems. He says it’s kind of like taking a club and hitting all the cells at the same time. And that is what you get from a rapid rise and fall. So we’re in total agreement on that statement. But he sells two different units on his website. One has a smooth sine wave and the other has a rapid rise and fall. I’ll always recommend the rapid rise and fall. Because that’s what gives you the greatest cellular impulse. I’ve done many other videos to explain this point. But I just want to respond that the sine wave is not what’s found in nature.

Induction in PEMF - PEMF devices uses changing currents to create changing magnetic fields (PEMFs). This can be done by switching the current on and off in very complex ways. The rhythmic switching on and off of an electric current creates pulsating electromagnetic fields. Because they have a time varying frequency, pulsating electromagnetic fields easily produce cell induction (cell membrane ion dissociation) w/o producing cell fatigue. That is , the frequencies and/or amplitudes are dynamic and always changing so the cells do not habituate, or fatigue, to the stimulus. Static magnets produce only one field strength and no frequency. Cells habituate to THAT field strength.

Review of Maxwells Equation (Faradays Law of Induction)

The faster B changes (which means a Greater dB/dt), the larger the magnitude of the curl of the induced (circulating) Electric Field in your tissues for maximal Ion transport, charge separation and energy production.

This is what we said before, but now we can add the curl to the discussion because the induced electric fields in tissues will be circulating, curling and twirling eddy currents forming closed loops.

Review: The minus sign in the equation is Lenz's law stating that induced currents will oppose the change in magnetic flux.

Kafka

1) Cycles Through Biologically Active Amplitudes (in line with Earth Intensity)
2) Sweeps through cellular, and Tissue Resonant Frequencies (in line with Earth Frequencies).
3) Uses Established Brain State Frequencies for Different Times of Day.
Beta in the morning, Delta at night.

Putting It ALL Together To Create a Wide Range of Frequencies with Rich Harmonics WITHIN THE BODIES BIOLOGICAL WINDOWS OF FREQUENCY AND INTENSITY- The Multiwave Spectrum of Harmonics of PEMF Device

Based on a number of experimental studies, W. Kafka was able to substantiate
the therapeutic effect of extremely slow and broadband pulsed electromagneticfields of low energy with proven stimulation of the molecular, intra-cellular and tissue related interactions that are the foundation of regulatory processes in organisms:

MANY PEMF devices have simplistic waveforms and require you to program in one frequency at a time. This is slow, tedious, ineffective and confusing as we'll see (confusing because there ARE SO MANY frequencies to choose from).

He favored such a wide bandwidth device so that, “The cells with very weak vibrations, when placed in the field of multiple vibrations, finds its own frequency and starts again to oscillate normally through the phenomenon of resonance.”

The iMRS 2000 and similar properly wound coil PEMF devices fit Lakhovsky's philosophy to a tee.

You lose the higher harmonics by not properly winding the coil, using plastic tubing etc.

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